Perfection Is Not a Burden: A Gynocritical Study of Laksmi Pamuntjak's Blue Membrane Novel

Emilda Mayang Sari; Tristanti Apriyani

doi:10.55909/jpbs.v5i1.1023

Authors

Emilda Mayang Sari Prodi Sastra Indonesia, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Tristanti Apriyani Prodi Sastra Indonesia, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55909/jpbs.v5i1.1023

Keywords:

perfection , gynocritical, novel

Abstract

This study examines the construction of the perfect woman in Laksmi Pamuntjak's novel, Selaput Biru, through the perspective of Elaine Showalter's gynocriticism. The background of the study is based on the persistent strong cultural and social pressures on the ideal image of women in Indonesia, reflected in literary works and everyday life. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the novel, Selaput Biru, represents the perfect woman and to explore the renegotiation of this concept through the narratives of the main characters. This study is a qualitative descriptive study, using data sources in the form of phrases, words, and sentences in the novel, Selaput Biru. The data analysis technique used was content analysis, and to ensure data validity, the researcher used data triangulation. The results show that the representation of the perfect woman in the novel, Selaput Biru, emphasizes the importance of women's experiences, acknowledges complexity and imperfection, and resists patriarchal norms and social hierarchies. This study recommends further studies of women's narratives that respect the complexity and diversity of women's life experiences.

References

Ahmad, S. N. (2021). Identities in Exile: Re-membering Identities, Re-membering the Nation in Laksmi Pamuntjak’s Amba. Kritika Kultura, (33/34), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.13185/KK2020.0033/3405

Alfansyur, A., & Mariyani. (2020). Seni Mengelola Data: Penerapan Triangulasi Teknik, Sumber dan Waktu pada Penelitian Pendidikan Sosial. HISTORIS: Jurnal Kajian, Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Sejarah, 5(2), 146–150.

Aprilia, N., Proyadi, T., & Wartininsih, A. (2015). Analisis Ginokritik pada Novel Pengakuan Eks Parasit Lajang Karya Ayu Utami. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 4(6), 1-15.

Apriyani, T., & Nalurita, B. A. Y. (2023). Nilai Kebangsaan pada Karya-Karya Leila S. Chudori. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 6(2), 375–388. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i2.594

Apriyani, T., & Safitri, F. N. (2022). Eksistensi Perempuan Jawa dalam Novel “Mei Hwa dan Sang Pelintas Zaman” Karya Afifah Afra. Alinea: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajaran, 11(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.35194/alinea.v11i1.1797

Aricindy, A., & Rizaldi, A. (2020). Keberdayaan Perempuan: Suatu Pendekatan dalam Kajian Pendidikan Masyarakat. digilib.unimed.ac.id. Retrieved from https://digilib.unimed.ac.id/id/eprint/46568/

Artika, M. D. (2017). Novel Aruna dan Lidahnya Karya Laksmi Pamuntjak: Perspektif Gastrocriticism. Bapala. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/bapala/article/view/19112

Aulia, E. R., Yuliawati, N. P., & Apriyani, T. (2023). Eksistensi Perempuan Jawa dalam Novel Merantau ke Deli Karya Hamka. Linguistik: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra. Retrieved from http://jurnal.um-tapsel.ac.id/index.php/Linguistik/article/view/10508

Bogdan, R. & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative Research for Education An Introduction to Theory and Methods Fifth Edition. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.

Cahyani, V., & Apriyani, T. (2022). Karakteristik Kebahasaan Tokoh Perempuan dan Laki-Laki dalam Film Pendek. MIMESIS, 3(1), 48–57. https://doi.org/10.12928/mms.v3i1.5558

Chin, G. V. S. (2021). Engendering Tionghoa Nationalism: Female Purity in Male-authored Sino-Malay novels of Colonial Java. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 52(1), 110–132. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463421000138

Christianson, M., Teiler, Å., & Eriksson, C. (2021). “A woman’s honor tumbles down on all of us in the Family, but a Man’s Honor is only His”: Young Women’s Experiences of Patriarchal Chastity Norms. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2020.1862480

Darma, Y. A., & Astuti, S. (2022). Pemahaman konsep literasi gender. Langgam Pustaka

Fawaid, A. (2020). Domestikasi Ruang dalam Durga Umayi: Melampaui Nation, Menuju “Tubuh Politis.” SULUK: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya, 2(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.15642/suluk.2020.2.1.1-13

Gani, E., & Marizal, Y. (2023). Ketidakadilan Gender Novel Azab dan Sengsara Karya Merari Siregar dan Novel Cantik itu Luka Karya Eka Kurniawan. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 6(2), 527–538. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i2.649

Gea, T. M., & Hutagalung, T. (2023). Aktualisasi Feminis Showalter Dalam Novel Tarian Bumi Karya Oka Rusmini. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial dan Humaniora. Retrieved from https://publisherqu.com/index.php/pediaqu/article/view/434

Hidayati, N. N. (2016). Bahasa dan Gender: Kajian Karakteristik Kebahasaan Laki-Laki dan Perempuan dalam Film Anak. Al Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 6 (1), 9–32.

Ignatia, H. E., Putri, F. Y., Sahda, A. A., Triski, W., & Elmustian, E. (2025). Menafsirkan Pesan Kritik Sosial dalam Puisi Dengung Tanah Goyah Karya Iyut Fitra melalui Pendekatan Semiotika Saussure. Jurnal Basataka (JBT), 8(2), 1655–1663.

Karima, F. H., Udasmoro, W., & Dewojati, C. (2022). Women’s Narration in Woman’s Author in Bourdieu’s Perspective. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-91-6_29

Maghfiroh, N. V. (2018). Citra Perempuan Jawa dalam Novel Canting Karya Arswendo Atmowiloto dan Amba Karya Laksmi Pamuntjak. ESTETIK/ : Jurnal Bahasa Indonesia, 1(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.29240/estetik.v1i1.512

Maheswara, A., Ahira, N. A., Lubis, S. A., Zulyanti, K., & Elmustian, E. (2025). Kajian Sosiologi Sastra Ian Watt dalam Representasi Kritik Sosial pada Antologi Puisi Selamat Malam Kawan Karya Muhaimin Nurrizqy. Jurnal Basataka (JBT), 8(2), 1664–1672.

Mardiana, E. A. P., & Apriyani, T. (2023). Citra Perempuan dalam Novel Laut Bercerita karya Leila S. Chudori. Kibas Cenderawasih, 20(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.26499/kc.v20i1.399

Margono, A. (2015). Perjuangan Kesetaraan Gender Tokoh Wanita Pada Novel-Novel Karya Abidah El Khalieqy. Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(1), 1-8.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2019). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (fourth). Arizona State University.

Mulyadi, M. S., & Putra, C. R. W. (2020). Transmisi Memori Peristiwa 1965 dalam Novel Pulang dan Amba. Jurnal Aksara, 33(1), 71-82. https://doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v33il.565.71-82

Nirwinastu, D. G. (2017). Cultural Memories of the 1965 Tragedy in Laksmi Pamuntjak’s Amba and Leila S. Chudori’s Pulang. Tesis. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Pamuntjak, L. (2014). Amba: Sebuah Novel. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Pamuntjak, L. (2018). Aruna dan Lidahnya (Cover Film). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Pamuntjak, L. (2024). Selaput biru: catatan dari jauh. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Pratiwi, I. S., Utami, S., & Sarmi, N. N. (2023). Analisis Psikofeminisme pada Novel Amba Karya Laksmi Pamuntjak. Jurnal Ilmiah FONEMA, 6(2), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.25139/fn.v6i2.6715

Purnamasari, I., & Fitriani, Y. (2020). Kajian Ginokritik pada Novel Namaku Teweraut Karya Ani Sekarningsih. Jurnal Pembahsi (Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia), 10(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.31851/pembahsi.v10i1.4421

Rahman, R., Norhayati, A. B. (2005). Teori Ginokritik dalam Kritikan Sastera: Suatu Pengenalan. Jurnal Pengajian Melayu Jilid 15, 122-136.

Ramadania, F., Saberan, R., & Jamilah, J. (2018). Konflik Tokoh Utama dalam Menghadapi Ketidakadilan Gender pada Novel Re: Karya Maman Suherhman. STILISTIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.33654/sti.v3i1.504

Razak, A. (2017). Menggapai Mixed Methods Bidang Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Pekanbaru: Ababil Press.

Rosyadi, Y. F., & Ambarwati, A. (2021). Makananku adalah Identitasku: Pembacaan Gastrokritik Sastra dalam Novel Aruna dan Lidahnya Karya Laksmi Pamuntjak. Jurnal Pembelajaran Sastra, 2(02), 81–87. https://doi.org/10.51543/hiskimalang.v2i02.38

Sari, A. M. I., & Rengganis, R. (2023). Peran dan perjuangan perempuan dalam kumpulan cerpen Kitab Kawin karya Laksmi Pamuntjak: Perspektif feminisme liberal Naomi Wolf. Jurnal Sapala. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-sapala/article/view/50925

Setiawan, A., & Musaffak, M. (2019). Eksistensi Mistisisme Dalam Novel Amba Karya Laksmi Pamuntjak. Kembara Journal of Scientific Language Literature and Teaching, 5(2), 146. https://doi.org/10.22219/KEMBARA.Vol5.No2.146-156

Showalter, E. (1981). Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness. Critical Inquiry, 8(2), 179–205. https://doi.org/10.1086/448150

Showalter, E. (1984). Women’s Time, Women’s Space: Writing the History of Feminist Criticism. Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature, 3(1/2), 29. https://doi.org/10.2307/463823

Showalter, E. (1993). American Gynocriticism. American Literary History, 5(1), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1093/alh/5.1.111

Susanti, R. H., Marlisa, W., Sardila, V., & Fitria, V. (2023). A Gynocritical Reading of Laut Bercerita in Contemporary Indonesian Children’s Literature (Pembacaan Kritis Laut Bercerita Sebagai Karya Sastra Anak Indonesia Masa Kini dari Perspektif Ginokritik). Indonesian Language Education and Literature, 9(1), 162. https://doi.org/10.24235/ileal.v9i1.13343