An Exploration of Uncertainty and Waiting in the Short Story “Rencana Satu Kereta Bersama W Mabelle”: A Formalism and Psychological Analysis

Fazrul Sandi Purnomo; Eva Harista; Atik Rahmaniyar

doi:10.55909/jpbs.v4i4.821

Authors

Fazrul Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4066-3699
Eva Harista Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-1423
Atik Rahmaniyar Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2894-6020

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55909/jpbs.v4i4.821

Keywords:

uncertainty, waiting, short story, formalism, psychological

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the themes of waiting and uncertainty in the short story “Rencana Satu Kereta Bersama W Mabelle” by Aravayana, using a formalist and Freudian psychological approach. The formalist approach identifies intrinsic elements such as structure, plot, symbolism, and style, while the Freudian psychological approach explores the personality aspects of the main character through the concepts of the Id, Ego, and Super-ego. This research is conducted qualitatively by analyzing the text of the short story as the primary object. The results reveal that the themes of waiting and uncertainty are represented through symbols such as the "train" and "unread chat," symbolizing restrained communication and missed opportunities. The non-linear plot and poetic language strengthen the melancholic atmosphere of the story, depicting the main character's feelings trapped in uncertainty. From the perspective of Freudian psychology, the main character experiences a conflict between the Id, which seeks attention from W Mabelle, the Ego, which balances hope and reality, and the Super-ego, which considers the morality of the relationship. This study contributes to understanding contemporary Indonesian literature through an integrative analysis of formalism and psychology, providing a deeper interpretation of the emotional dynamics in literary works. However, this study is limited to intrinsic analysis and the internal conflicts of the main character, suggesting the need for further studies involving socio-cultural context to enrich the understanding of the themes explored.

References

’Athaillah, M. (2021). التغريب في قصة أولاد حارتنا لنجيب محفوظ: دراسة الشكلية الروسية. In http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/31592/.

Al Matarneh, M. A. (2020). A Formalism Reading of Maugham’s “The Three Fat Women of Antibes” and “Rain.” Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 11, 35. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.11n.1p.35

Arsene, A. I. (2023). A Review of Psychoanalysis and Literary Theory: An Introduction . Interdisciplinary Literary Studies, 25, 523–527. https://doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.25.4.0523

Asika, I., Ifechelobi, J. N., & Akabuike, I. (2015). “Words Made Flesh” A Formalist Reading of Helon Habila’s Waiting for an Angel. Https://Papers.Ssrn.Com/Sol3/Papers.Cfm?Abstract_id=4099794.

Berezhnaya, Y. P. (2022). Russian formalists and Russian literature. RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism, 27, 497–503. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2022-27-3-497-503

Botalić, M., & Žunić, N. (2024). A Psychoanalytical Approach to the Short Stories The Owner of the House, Summer Night and Train Journey by Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar. Društvene i Humanističke Studije (Online), 9, 451–464. https://doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2024.9.1.451

Botifar, M., & Zulyani, N. (2023). Analisis Formalisme pada Novel Ayah Karya Andrea Hirata. Https://Scholar.Google.Com/Scholar?Hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Botifar%2C+Maria%2C+and+Nuriza+Zulyani.+2023.+%E2%80%9CAnalisis+Formalisme+Pada+Novel+Ayah+Karya+Andrea+Hirata.%E2%80%9D+Jurnal+Ilmiah+Bina+Bahasa+16+%281%29%3A+46%E2%80%9362.&btnG=.

El Hajj, M. (2020). Le texte, un fantasme littéraire. In Analysis, 4, 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inan.2019.05.003

Erlich, V. (1954). Russian Formalism: In Perspective. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 13, 215. https://doi.org/10.2307/425914

Erlich, V. (1973). Russian Formalism. Journal of the History of Ideas, 34, 627. https://doi.org/10.2307/2708893

Erlich, V. (1980). Russian Formalism. Https://Books.Google.Co.Id/Books?Id=S8aX3BY-DL8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false.

Firmansyah, M. A., Subandiyah, H., & Indarti, T. (2022). Tragedi Holocaust Sebagai Dasar Fabula Dalam Novel Schindler’s Ark Karya Thomas Keneally: Kajian Formalisme Rusia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v8i2.3099

Giordano, G. (2020). The contribution of Freud theories to the literary analysis of two Victorian novels: Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre. Https://Typeset.Io/Papers/the-Contribution-of-Freuds-Theories-to-the-Literary-Analysis-112kpo61vo. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEL2019.1312

Gorman, D. (2017). Russian formalism. In Companion to Literary Theory (pp. 36–47). wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118958933.ch3

Lemon, L. T., & Reis, M. J. (1965). Russian Formalist Criticism. Https://Books.Google.Co.Id/Books?Hl=en&lr=&id=V8BQNWkvddkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=russian+formalism&ots=ZvFxGCOdM7&sig=ExjfMiWlWPYvHO7pL47SylOubDU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=russian%20formalism&f=false.

Lvoff, B. (2023). Russian Formalism as Journalistic Scholarship; or, When Criticism Recognized Itself as a Genre . Linguistic Frontiers, 6, 34–45. https://doi.org/10.2478/lf-2023-0002

Maloku, F., & Avdyli, M. (2023). RUSSIAN FORMALISM AND DEFAMILIARIZATION IN LANGUAGE. Ezikov Svyat, 21, 42–46. https://doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.v21.i1.5

Manshur, F. M. (2019). KAJIAN TEORI FORMALISME DAN STRUKTURALISME. Https://Journal.Ugm.Ac.Id/Sasdayajournal/Article/View/43888/23942.

Mawuntu, A. Z., Valiantien, N. M., & Setyowati, R. (2023). Teresa’s Id, Ego, Superego in James Dashner’s The Death Cure Novel (2011). Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Dan Budaya, 7. https://doi.org/10.30872/jbssb.v7i2.7324

Mendelman, L. (2021). Diagnosing Desire: Mental health and modern american literature, 1890-1955. In American Literary History (Vol. 33, pp. 601–619). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab050

Nazim Jamal, B., & JaF, S. R. R. (2023). Id, Ego and Superego in McCarthy’s Novel The Road. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 6, 173–179. https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v6i1.26145

Niaz, A., Stanikzai, S. M., & Sahibzada, J. (2019). Review of Freud’s Psychoanalysis Approach to Literary Studies. American International Journal of Social Science Research, 4, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v4i2.339

Pilshchikov, I. (2022). The Four Faces of Russian Formalism. In Central and Eastern European Literary Theory and the West (pp. 212–257). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110400304-013

Pratiwi, M. D. A. (2022). Formalism analysis in Cecilia Ahern’s novel Where The Rainbows End. In http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/43189/.

Raminda, W. A., & Prihandini, A. (2024). ID, EGO AND SUPEREGO OF ZUKO IN THE LEGEND OF AANG: THE LAST AIRBENDER MOVIE (2005). Proceeding of International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities, 7, 506–516. https://doi.org/10.34010/icobest.v7i.562

Rezaei, A., & Seyyedrezaei, S. H. (2013). The Contribution of Psychological Theories in Literary Criticism. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1908–1911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.056

Rokhmansyah, A. (2017). ORDE BARU SEBAGAI LANDASAN FABULA DALAM NOVEL ENTROK KARYA OKKY MADASARI: KAJIAN FORMALISME RUSIA. Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics (CaLLs), 1, 39. https://doi.org/10.30872/calls.v1i1.708

Steiner, P. (1980). Three Metaphors of Russian Formalism. Poetics Today, 2, 59. https://doi.org/10.2307/1772239

Steiner, P. (2016). Russian Formalism. Https://Library.Oapen.Org/Handle/20.500.12657/62142. https://doi.org/10.7298/8nxa-7h58

Striedter, J. (1989). Literary Structure, Evolution, and Value. In Literary Structure, Evolution, and Value. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674418677

Tarigan, H., Murtadlo, A., & Dahlan, D. (2021). TEKNIK PENCERITAAN DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN HARGA DIRI KARYA SYAFRUDDIN PERNYATA TINJAUAN FORMALISME RUSIA. Https://Ocs.Unmul.Ac.Id/Index.Php/JBSSB/Article/View/3947/3600. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jbssb.v5i3.3947

Thompson, E. M. (1971). Russian Formalism and Anglo-American New Criticism. Https://Books.Google.Co.Id/Books?Hl=en&lr=&id=90mUskp7smsC&oi=fnd&pg=PA5&dq=russian+formalism&ots=0J6qPuR8Xt&sig=gH28q4fUAB0fEKXfNvkhSQlAgPY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=russian%20formalism&f=false.

Tulaganova, S. P. (2022). Artistic Structure of the text. Https://Scholar.Google.Com/Scholar?Hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Tulaganova%2C+Sanobar+Panjiyevna.+2022.+%E2%80%9CARTISTIC+STRUCTURE+OF+THE+TEXT.%E2%80%9D+The+American+Journal+of+Social+Science+and+Education&btnG=.

Womack, K. (2022). Russian Formalism, the Moscow Linguistics Circle, and Prague Structuralism: Boris Eichenbaum (1886-1959), Jan Mukarovsky (1891-1975), Victor Shklovsky (1893-1984), Yuri Tynyanov (1894-1943), Roman Jakobson (1896-1982). In Edinburgh Encyclopaedia of Modern Criticism and Theory (pp. 114–119). Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748672554-015