Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra

The L2 Motivational Self System and International Posture among Simultaneous Multiple Language Learners: A Study of Gender Differences in the Burundi Context

2025-12-02T18:20:25+00:00

Gender differences are a consistent finding in research on second or foreign language (L2) learning motivation, yet this important topic has been scarcely investigated in Burundi. Therefore, this study primarily aimed to examine gender differences in L2 motivation, framed by the L2MSS and International Posture frameworks, among Burundi junior high school students learning simultaneously multiple foreign languages (L2 French, L3 English, and L3 Kiswahili). A secondary aim was to assess whether the years of study (school grade level) moderated the link between gender and L2 motivation. The population was 594 junior high school students per class and per gender who completed and submitted the questionnaire. A sample of 210 students (94 boys and 116 girls) from Grades 7–9 across two public schools completed a questionnaire, and the data was statistically analyzed using SPSS-version 22. The overall results for the whole sample indicated no statistically significant gender differences in L2 motivation across all three target languages. However, the examination of the interaction effect revealed significant gender x school grade interactions on four of the five measured constructs (Ideal L2 Self, Ought-to L2 Self, Intended Learning Efforts, and International Posture), with all significant interactions relating only to English, but not for French or Kiswahili. Further analysis demonstrated that the statistically significant effect was confined only to Grade 7, where female learners consistently exhibited higher mean scores than their male peers, a difference that disappeared in grades 8 and 9. These results underscore the importance of including gender as a key variable in future L2 motivation research in Burundi, particularly with younger participants, such as primary school learners.

The Effectiveness of Flashcard Media Using a Constructivist Approach for Learning to Use Spelling in Writing Descriptive Texts

2025-12-10T19:20:28+00:00

menggunakan Ejaan yang Disempurnakan (EYD) pada siswa kelas X SMK Ar-Rahmah Cianjur. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitaif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes, observasi dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang signifikan pada kemampuan siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran menggunakan flash card. Nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 63,4 meningkat menjadi 90 pada posttest dengan N-Gain Score 0,81 atau 81,30%, yang termasuk kategori tinggi. Data observasi pembelajaran memperoleh persentase 90%, menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran berlangsung sangat baik. Sementara itu, hasil angket yang mencapai rata-rata 91% mengindikasikan bahwa siswa memberikan respon positif dan menilai flash card sebagai media yang efektif dan menarik

Students' Perceptions of the Use of the Tadoku NPO Website and Picture Storybooks in Tadoku Learning

2025-12-29T03:12:41+00:00

This study aims to analyze and compare students' perceptions of the use of the NPO Tadoku website and picture books as reading media in reading lessons in the Tadoku 2 course. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a questionnaire consisting of 27 closed questions and 8 open questions, covering aspects of ease of use, reading comprehension, material appeal, and reading motivation. The data were analyzed using percentage and descriptive interpretation techniques. The results showed that the NPO Tadoku website received higher ratings in terms of accessibility, reading variety, ease of navigation, and reading comfort. Meanwhile, picture books were rated superior in terms of visual support, clarity of storyline, and physical reading experience. Overall, students preferred digital media because it was considered more practical and in line with current reading habits, although picture books still provided added value, especially in terms of visuals and an enjoyable reading experience. These findings confirm that both media have their own advantages and can complement each other in Japanese reading learning.

Optimizing Poetry Writing and Creative Thinking Skills through the Integration of AI-Assisted CTL with ChatGPT-4

2025-08-10T10:39:17+00:00

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of integrating the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model assisted by ChatGPT-4 artificial intelligence in optimizing elementary school students' poetry writing and creative thinking skills. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental Non-Equivalent Control Group Design was used in this study, involving two classes as the experimental and control groups. The research instruments were developed based on the dimensions of poetry writing and creative thinking, validated for content and reliability through statistical approaches. Data collection was conducted through pretest and posttest, then analyzed using JAMOVI and JASP for independent t-tests, normality, homogeneity, and effectiveness calculation through N-Gain. The results of the study indicate a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) in all ability indicators between the experimental and control groups, with a substantial increase in average scores in the group that received the CTL and ChatGPT-4 intervention. This integration was proven to encourage high achievement in aspects of poetry structure, diction, originality, and creative thinking dimensions such as fluency, elaboration, and flexibility. These findings indicate that contextual learning enriched with generative technology can create a reflective, adaptive, and transformative learning ecosystem. The conclusions of this study affirm that the integrative approach of CTL and generative AI is not only pedagogically effective but also makes a significant contribution to strengthening creative literacy and the development of the Pancasila Student Profile. This study recommends the widespread implementation of this model in learning based on the Merdeka Curriculum

Human Facts and Family Conflict in the Film Basma: A Study of Lucien Goldmann's Genetic Structuralism

2026-01-01T15:51:30+00:00

The film Basma (2024) by Fatima Al-Banawi, a Saudi female director, is presented as a representation of contemporary cinema that dares to raise the issues of family, divorce, and mental health in the context of Saudi Arabian society. This film was produced in the new atmosphere of Saudi cinema after the liberalization of art in 2018, which gave more space for local filmmakers to express social reality. This study aims to analyze: 1) the human facts in the film Basma through Lucien Goldmann's genetic structuralism approach; 2) family conflict in the film Basma through Lucien Goldmann's genetic structuralism approach. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Research data were collected using observation sheets and documentation notes, namely by observing, marking, and recording dialogues and scenes containing human facts and family conflicts. Research data were analyzed using several stages, namely: a) identifying human facts; b) determining family conflicts. The research data were validated using time triangulation techniques. The results of the study show that: 1) the human facts in the film Basma are seen through the emotional struggles of the characters in facing family conditions and social pressures; 2) Family conflict arises in the form of internal and external conflict which shows tension between Basma and her parents due to differences in perspective and her father's psychological condition.

Power Relations and the Tragedy of Love in the 1960 Film The River of Love (Nahr Al-Hub) by Ezzel Dine Zulficar

2025-11-05T02:06:11+00:00

his study aims to reveal: 1) the representation of power relations in the film The River of Love (Nahr Al-hub) by Ezzel Dine Zulficar through the study of Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics; 2) the representation of the tragedy of love in the film The River of Love (Nahr Al-hub) by Ezzel Dine Zulficar through the study of Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotics. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a Peircean semiotic approach that emphasizes the relationship between representament, object, and interpretant. Data were collected using documentation techniques by watching the film and noting relevant scenes and dialogues. The data collection tool used in this study was an observation sheet for recording data compiled based on Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic framework. The research data were analyzed thematically regarding visual and verbal signs related to the theme of power and love based on time and tool triangulation using the content analysis method within Peirce's semiotic framework. The results of the study show: 1) power relations in this film are represented through male domination over women in the form of social and moral control; 2) the tragedy of love emerges as a consequence of the clash between personal desire and an oppressive social structure. Through the process of semiosis, this film presents love as a space of resistance that ends tragically, while simultaneously criticizing the oppressive social system. Thus, this research contributes to the development of film semiotics and broadens cultural perspectives in modern Arabic literary studies.

Village Toponymy in the Lyrics of North Bolaang Mongondow Regional Songs Bulangita Lipu Huta

2025-12-20T16:46:07+00:00

Penelitian ini membahas toponimi dalam lirik lagu daerah Bulangita Lipu Huta, serta aspek-aspek toponimi dalam lirik lagu daerah Bulangita Lipu Huta. Toponimi desa dalam lirik lagu daerah Bulangita Lipu Huta, serta aspek-aspek toponimi dalam lagu daerah Bulangita Lipu Huta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mendeskripsikan toponimi desa dalam lirik lagu daerah Bulangita Lipu Huta, dan (2) Mendeskripsikan aspek-aspek toponimi dalam lirik lagu daerah Bulangita Lipu Huta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow, pada tanggal 27 Mei hingga 19 Juni 2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori antropolinguistik dan teori toponimi menurut Sudaryat yang membagi ke dalam tiga aspek yakni aspek perwujudan, kemasyarakatan dan kebudayaan. Data penelitian ini meliputi lirik lagu daerah Bulangita Lipu Huta. Sumber data penelitian ini diperoleh dari lirik lagu, serta didukung oleh hasil wawancara dan dokumen sejarah desa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dokumentasi terhadap lirik lagu Bulangita Lipu Huta, wawancara dengan informan, serta data yang diambil dari dokumen sejarah desa. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini yakni, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Toponimi desa dalam lirik lagu Bulangita Lipu Huta mencerminkan keberadaan 17 desa yang masing-masing memiliki makna historis dan kultural yang kuat. Nama-nama desa tersebut tidak hanya menjadi penanda geografis, tetapi juga merekam sejarah lokal, latar belakang sosial dan historis masyarakat, mengandung nilai-nilia spiritual dan mitos serta kepercayaan masyarakat setempat. (2) Aspek toponimi yang ditemukan terdiri dari aspek perwujudan yakni 12 desa, aspek kemasyarakatan lima desa, dan aspek kebudayaan satu desa.

Dysphemia in the 2024 Presidential Candidate Debates and Its Relevance to Indonesian Language Learning

2025-12-21T04:53:52+00:00

Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis disfemia dalam debat calon presiden pada Pemilu 2024 serta relevansinya dengan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada identifikasi bentuk-bentuk disfemia yang muncul dalam tuturan para kandidat, interpretasi makna disfemia dalam konteks adu argumentasi politik, serta penerapan temuan-temuan tersebut dalam pembelajaran teks debat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa disfemia muncul dalam tiga bentuk utama, yaitu kata, frase, dan kalimat. Bentuk kata paling menonjol digunakan untuk memberikan serangan langsung melalui diksi negatif, sedangkan bentuk frasa memperluas kritik dalam konstruksi bahasa yang lebih kompleks. Bentuk kalimat menyampaikan kritik paling utuh dan terstruktur, berfungsi membangun narasi yang mempengaruhi citra dan kredibilitas lawan. Distribusi penggunaan disfemia berbeda antar kandidat: Anies Baswedan tekanan kritik berbasis kebijakan, Prabowo Subianto dominan dalam serangan personal, sedangkan Ganjar Pranowo lebih terbatas dan cenderung responsif. Makna disfemia yang mencakup meremehkan, menyindir, meremehkan, meremehkan, menuduh, dan memojokkan lawan. Penggunaan makna ini menunjukkan strategi komunikasi yang bertujuan untuk memperkuat argumen, menghadirkan lawan, dan mempengaruhi persepsi publik. Relevansi terhadap pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia terlihat dari kemampuan siswa mengenali fungsi retoris, dampak pilihan kata, serta etika komunikasi. Analisis disfemia juga mendukung literasi kritis dan pengembangan karakter, sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih kontekstual, reflektif, dan sesuai dengan Kurikulum Merdeka. Temuan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa bahasa dalam wacana politik tidak netral, melainkan memuat strategi persuasif yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan ajar untuk mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis, analitis, dan etis peserta didik.

The Effectiveness of the Picture Exchange Communication System Method on Listening Skills of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2025-12-20T17:22:26+00:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas metode Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menyimak anak Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 113 Pekanbaru pada tahun ajaran 2025/2026 selama empat minggu, mulai dari pelaksanaan pretest, intervensi selama empat sesi pembelajaran, hingga posttest. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) di sekolah tersebut, sedangkan sampel penelitian berjumlah empat orang siswa yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan diagnosis ahli dan hasil observasi awal. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa tes keterampilan menyimak yang dikembangkan berdasarkan lima indikator menurut Rangkuti (2024), yaitu pemahaman alur cerita, pemahaman tokoh dan peran, kemampuan menjawab pertanyaan faktual, aksi atau gerak fisik, serta kemampuan menyimpulkan nilai moral. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif melalui perhitungan skor rata-rata, gain score, N-Gain, dan uji paired sample t-test menggunakan program SPSS untuk mengetahui signifikansi perbedaan nilai pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata dari 6,75 pada pretest menjadi 9,25 pada posttest. Uji paired sample t-test memperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,030 (p < 0,05), sehingga terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Namun demikian, nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,198 termasuk kategori rendah, menandakan bahwa peningkatan yang terjadi belum tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, metode PECS dinyatakan efektif meningkatkan keterampilan menyimak anak ADHD, meskipun peningkatan tersebut masih memerlukan penguatan melalui durasi dan intensitas latihan yang lebih optimal.

Gender Language Variation in the Film The Architecture of Love: Analysis of Linguistic Features and Topics

2025-12-21T05:02:04+00:00

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fenomena variasi bahasa berdasarkan gender yang hadir dalam media populer, khususnya film, sebagai representasi praktik berbahasa dalam masyarakat urban. Kajian ini memanfaatkan teori sosiolinguistik, terutama konsep variasi bahasa Lakoff terkait karakteristik bahasa perempuan serta teori Wardhaugh mengenai kecenderungan topik dan gaya bahasa laki-laki. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa dokumentasi melalui penayangan berulang film The Architecture of Love. Data berupa tuturan tokoh kemudian ditranskripsi, diklasifikasikan, dan dianalisis berdasarkan kategori gaya bahasa gender dan topik pembicaraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan lebih banyak menggunakan bentuk kebahasaan seperti lexical hedges, tag question, intensifier, dan penghindaran kata kasar, sedangkan laki-laki cenderung menggunakan bahasa yang lebih langsung, tegas, dan dominan. Dari aspek topik, perempuan lebih sering membicarakan isu personal, emosi, dan relasi sosial, sementara laki-laki membahas pekerjaan, fakta objektif, dan situasi yang menuntut rasionalitas. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa variasi bahasa gender dalam film mencerminkan konstruksi identitas sosial para tokoh dan selaras dengan teori-teori sosiolinguistik. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa film mampu menjadi medium representatif untuk mengamati dinamika bahasa berdasarkan gender dalam konteks masyarakat modern.

Kata kunci: variasi bahasa, gender, sosiolinguistik, film, Lakoff, Wardhaugh

Basic Needs and Self-Actualization of Baek Kang-Hyeok in the Korean Drama The Trauma Code: Heroes on Call

2025-12-21T05:06:19+00:00

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kebutuhan dasar dan kebutuhan aktualisasi diri Baek Kang-Hyeok serta menjadi motivasi masyarakat sekitar ketika memenuhi kebutuhan dari yang paling dasar sampai pada pemenuhan kebutuhan aktualisasi diri. Kebutuhan dasar ditunjukkan melalui kebutuhan fisiologis, kebutuhan rasa aman, kebutuhan rasa memiliki, dan kebutuhan penghargaan. Lalu kebutuhan tinggi adalah kebutuhan aktualisasi diri tokoh Baek Kang-Hyeok pada drama Korea The Trauma Code: Heroes on Call menggunakan teori Abraham Maslow (1954). Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data berupa drama Korea The Trauma Code: Heroes on Call. Data penelitian berupa kata-kata, dokumentasi adegan, kalimat. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan mempersiapkan sumber data, teknik menyimak, teknik dokumentasi, teknik catat, mengelompokkan data, memberi kode, dan mereduksi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketercapaian Baek Kang-Hyeok dalam kebutuhan dasar fisiologis berupa makan, minum, tempat tinggal, dan tidur. Kebutuhan rasa aman meliputi aman fisik, bebas dari rasa takut atau khawatir, aman ketika memiliki pekerjaan dan gaji tetap. Kebutuhan rasa memiliki rekan kerja yang membantunya saat tindakan operasi. Kebutuhan penghargaan meliputi kesuksesan, percaya diri, ketenaran, status, dan pengakuan. Kebutuhan aktualisasi diri berupa empati, suka menolong, profesi dokter yang menyelamatkan pasien, bakat atau hobi, cara mengatasi masalah. Setelah kebutuhan dasar dan aktualisasi diri tercapai, seseorang akan menunjukkan kestabilan psikologi sehinggaa muncul motivasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang paling tinggi dan menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penelitian lanjutan terkait teori Abraham Maslow pada konteks terpenuhi kebutuhan dasar dan aktualisasi diri pada ranah dunia kerja, kesejahteraan, kesehatan mental, dan kebutuhan sosial.

Physiological Needs of the Main Character in the Novel Hello Cello by Nadia Ristivani: A Study of Abraham Maslow's Humanistic Psychology

2026-01-01T16:47:07+00:00

This study aims to describe the physiological needs of the main character in Nadia Ristivani’s novel Hello Cello. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literary psychology approach. This study uses a research design consisting of identifying research problems, reviewing literature, selecting research objects, collecting data, and identifying research. The data source in this study is the novel Hello Cello by Nadia Ristivani, with data consisting of quotations, sentences, and paragraphs in accordance with the description of the fulfillment of the physiological needs of the main character based on Maslow’s humanistic psychology study. The data collection technique was carried out by reading and noting, including the steps of preparing, reading, sorting, recording, and coding the data. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, which consists of three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that Helga, as the main character, tries to fulfill five levels of needs, especially physiological needs, ranging from the need for food and drink, clothing, shelter, rest and sleep, and sexual needs. The fulfillment of these physiological needs became the basis for Helga to achieve balance in her life and recover from the emotional trauma caused by her failed relationship. Through the portrayal of Helga’s character, the novel Hello Cello emphasizes that psychological disorders can affect the fulfillment of basic human needs, and conversely, the fulfillment of physiological needs can be the first step towards emotional stability and self-actualization.

Perfection Is Not a Burden: A Gynocritical Study of Laksmi Pamuntjak's Blue Membrane Novel

2025-12-20T15:58:08+00:00

This study examines the construction of the perfect woman in Laksmi Pamuntjak's novel, Selaput Biru, through the perspective of Elaine Showalter's gynocriticism. The background of the study is based on the persistent strong cultural and social pressures on the ideal image of women in Indonesia, reflected in literary works and everyday life. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the novel, Selaput Biru, represents the perfect woman and to explore the renegotiation of this concept through the narratives of the main characters. This study is a qualitative descriptive study, using data sources in the form of phrases, words, and sentences in the novel, Selaput Biru. The data analysis technique used was content analysis, and to ensure data validity, the researcher used data triangulation. The results show that the representation of the perfect woman in the novel, Selaput Biru, emphasizes the importance of women's experiences, acknowledges complexity and imperfection, and resists patriarchal norms and social hierarchies. This study recommends further studies of women's narratives that respect the complexity and diversity of women's life experiences.

Analysis of the Use of Language Style in Poetry by Grade X Students of SMA Negeri 10 Padang

2025-12-21T05:33:28+00:00

Poetry is a medium of literary expression rich in the use of language styles and reflects students' creativity, imagination, and cultural experiences. This study aims to describe the types and characteristics of language styles used in poetry by tenth-grade high school students in Padang, identify the most dominant language styles, and reveal their implications for literature learning in secondary schools. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data sources in the form of 36 student poems with the theme of natural beauty, especially Lake Toba. The data collection instrument used was a performance test in the form of a poetry writing assignment, equipped with a language style analysis guide sheet based on Keraf and Tarigan's theory. After the data were collected, the poems were analyzed through the stages of classifying language style types, calculating the frequency of occurrence, and interpreting language style characteristics contextually. The results showed that metaphor and personification were the most dominant styles. Both styles have imaginative, concrete, and emotional characteristics, which reflect students' tendency to concretize natural experiences into poetic expressions. In addition, simile, repetition, and hyperbole were also found with the characteristics of emphasizing meaning and strengthening emotional expression. The dominance of these styles of language indicates that students are at a stage of literacy development that still relies on sensory experience and local cultural influences to express ideas. This finding implies the importance of more contextual poetry learning, oriented toward enriching the variety and characteristics of language styles, so that students' literary appreciation and creativity can develop optimally.

Interpretation of Lengkara's Depression in the Novel 00.00 by Ameylia Falensia: Cognitive Triad Theory

2025-12-16T09:37:30+00:00

This study aims to describe the forms of emotion and depression experienced by the character Lengkara in the novel 00.00 by Ameylia Falensia using Beck’s Cognitive Triad approach. The research was conducted in 2024 employing a descriptive qualitative method. The data source consisted of the printed and digital versions of the novel 00.00. Data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques, while the data analysis referred to Miles and Huberman’s model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The research instrument was the researcher herself, supported by a categorization table of emotions and cognitive triad indicators. The findings show that Lengkara experiences various negative emotions, such as fear, sadness, anger, disappointment, hopelessness, and recurrent psychological pressure. Based on Beck’s Cognitive Triad, Lengkara’s depression is reflected in three main aspects: negative view of self, negative view of the world, and negative view of the future. Lengkara tends to blame herself, perceive herself as worthless, view her environment as emotionally threatening, and believe that her future holds no hope. These results indicate that the novel 00.00 presents a complex representation of depression relevant to the psychological dynamics of modern adolescents. This study contributes to literary psychology research, particularly in understanding character cognitive distortions through the Cognitive Triad theory.

Utilizing Blended Learning as an Innovation in Arabic Language Teaching Assessment in the Society 5.0 Era

2025-08-03T14:32:36+00:00

This study aims to examine the utilization of the blended learning model as a strategic innovation in the assessment system of Arabic language learning in the era of Society 5.0, which emphasizes the integration of technology and human values. The research was conducted in Class 4B of MI Miftahul Huda Blongko, Ngetos, Nganjuk during the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The population consisted of all students in Class 4B, with a sample of 17 students selected through total sampling. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection instruments including observation, teacher interviews, documentation of learning activities, and analysis of student learning outcomes via digital platforms. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive analysis model: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that blended learning plays a crucial role in transforming the Arabic language assessment system from a purely cognitive focus to a more holistic evaluation encompassing affective and psychomotor domains. The use of digital tools such as discussion forums, multimedia assignments, and interactive quizzes supports an objective, transparent, and continuous assessment process. Moreover, digital learning data enables personalized assessment based on individual student achievement and potential. However, the implementation of blended learning still faces challenges, including limited infrastructure, low teacher digital literacy, and insufficient technical support. Therefore, ongoing teacher training and collaboration among teachers, students, and parents are essential to optimizing blended learning as an innovative assessment approach for Arabic language learning in elementary madrasah education.

Evaluation of the Implementation of Spelling and Administrative Writing Standards in Official Statements of Amplas Village, Percut Sei Tuan District

2026-01-01T17:13:34+00:00

This study aims to: 1) assess the accuracy of the application of the Indonesian Spelling Standards (EYD) Edition V on official letters issued by the village government; 2) evaluate the completeness of the administrative elements in official letters issued by the village government. The study was conducted at the Amplas Village Office, Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, from September to October 2025. The study population was the entire archive of village official letters. A sample of 20 official letters was determined purposively based on the type and completeness of the documents. The research instruments were a linguistic assessment sheet covering the use of capital letters, punctuation, and standard word choice, as well as an administrative evaluation sheet covering the completeness of official letter components. Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with an evaluative approach, accompanied by the assignment of appropriateness scores and percentage calculations for each assessment aspect. The results showed that: 1) the administrative aspects of official letters were in the very good category with a percentage score ranging from 83–92 percent; 2) the completeness and accuracy of the administrative structure had been consistently met. The linguistic aspect shows persistent inaccuracies in the use of capital letters, punctuation, and standard words, with scores ranging from 8 to 17. Overall, the quality of the Amplas Village certificate is in the good category, with the main weakness being the consistency of the application of linguistic rules.

The Use of King Kevin TikTok Videos for Short Story Writing Learning at SMPN 7 Jambi City

2025-12-21T06:33:06+00:00

This study aims to describe the use of TikTok videos from King Kevin's account for students' short story writing learning. This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach conducted in the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The population of this study was 38 students of class VIII C at SMP Negeri 17 Jambi City who participated in short story writing learning using TikTok videos from King Kevin's account. The sample consisted of 29 students selected using a purposive sampling technique. Research data were collected using observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and test instruments. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study showed that the use of TikTok videos in learning to write short stories went well and it can be said that the learning process and atmosphere were achieved well. From the procedures carried out, it was in accordance with the lesson plan and teaching modules that had been prepared by the teacher before starting the lesson. From the learning process and the results of students' short story writing exercises, using TikTok videos from King Kevin's account was considered very good for students in learning to write short stories, as evidenced by the students' enthusiasm and concentration in carrying out the learning process and the results of their exercises. The average score of class VIII C students is 85.59 and is in the very good category and more than half of the students, namely 62.07%, are in the very good category.

Social Conflict in the Film Komang by Naya Anindita: Perspective of Lewis A. Coser

2025-12-21T05:16:39+00:00

According to Lewis A. Coser, open conflict is more common in societies that have partial or non-intimate relationships. Individuals or groups without involving deep emotions or total hostility. This study aims to describe the forms of social conflict in the film Komang by Naya Anindita from Lewis A. Coser's perspective, which include realistic social conflict, non-realistic social conflict, and the positive function of social conflict. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sociological literary approach. The data source used is the film Komang by Naya Anindita. The data are in the form of dialogue quotes, sentences, paragraphs, accompanied by images containing realistic social conflict, non-realistic social conflict, and the positive function of social conflict. The data collection process used is listening, reading, and recording with coding through observation guide instruments. Data on the forms of social conflict in the film Komang were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model analysis technique. The data validity technique uses a credibility test of persistence with peer discussions. The results of this study indicate the existence of: 1) realistic social conflict, the existing conflict is in the form of religious differences; lack of attention from partners; uncertainty and expectations of a relationship; 2) non-realistic conflict in the form of feelings of offense; past trauma; jealousy; 3) the positive function of existing social conflict in the form of tolerance of diversity, enthusiasm for achieving ideals, respecting and honoring fellow human beings, and upholding solidarity.

The Effectiveness of Implementing the Interactive Multimedia Based Quantum Learning Model on the Short Story Writing Skills

2025-12-16T09:44:07+00:00

The problems in learning in class IX of SMPN 40 Surabaya, which is still teacher-centered and dependent on textbooks, prompted this study. This condition makes students passive, easily bored, and unable to write short stories optimally. Interviews with Indonesian language teachers reinforced these findings, confirming that the Quantum Learning model and interactive multimedia had never been implemented. This situation highlights the need for attractive, interactive, and experience-oriented learning innovations. The purpose of this study was to describe the short story writing skills of ninth-grade students at SMPN 40 Surabaya before and after the implementation of the interactive multimedia-based Quantum Learning model and the improvements achieved. The method used was quantitative with a one-group pre-test post-test pre-experimental design. The research population was all ninth-grade students at SMPN 40 Surabaya in the 2025/2026 academic year, while the sample was class IX-I consisting of 27 students selected through cluster random sampling. The data collection technique used a pre-test and post-test. Meanwhile, the analysis technique used descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk normality test, hypothesis testing in the form of paired t-tests, and N-Gain. The results of the study showed an increase in students’ short story writing skills from a pre-test average score of 68.33 to 82.59 on the post-test. The normality test showed that the data was normally distributed, while the t-test produced a Sig. (2-tailed) score of 0.000 < 0.05 and a t-count > t-table, indicating a significant difference between the two values. The N-Gain value of 0.4425 falls into the moderate category, indicating that the interactive multimedia-based Quantum Learning model is effective in improving the short story writing skills of ninth-grade students at SMPN 40 Surabaya.

Does Ventriloquism Break the Place and Manner of Articulation Principles? Case Study of Jeff Dunham

2025-12-21T05:49:21+00:00

This study investigates the adaptability of place and manner of articulation principles in ventriloquism. It analyzes Jeff Dunham’s instructional techniques in his 11-part series How to Be a Ventriloquist, comparing them with traditional Indonesian methods documented in Marijoen’s Pintar Bermain Sulap Suara. The research identifies sound substitutions that maintain vocal distinctiveness without visible lip movement. The findings show that ventriloquism does not violate phonetic principles but demonstrates the flexibility of the human speech system through adaptive strategies. For example, bilabial stops /b/ and /p/ are replaced with alveolar stops /d/ and /t/, and labiodental fricatives /f/ and /v/ are substituted with interdental fricatives /θ/ and /ð/. A comparison of American and Indonesian techniques reveals cross-cultural convergence in these substitution strategies, supporting universal principles of speech adaptation under constraints. These findings contribute to articulatory phonetics by suggesting that acoustic-perceptual targets drive speech production, even when articulation is restricted. The study also has practical implications for speech therapy and second language acquisition, offering strategies for individuals with speech impairments or those learning challenging sounds. Further research is needed to quantify the effectiveness of these substitutions and explore optimal training methods for ventriloquism.

The Engagement-Trust Paradox: A Qualitative Analysis of Baho Gamira’s TikTok Content Among University Students

2026-01-19T11:18:15+00:00

This study investigates students' perceptions of promotional content for Baho Gamira Recreational Tourism on TikTok, focusing on the integration of animated storytelling in tourism marketing. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and online surveys involving 30 students to analyze the influence of visual narrativity and perceived authenticity on travel intentions. The findings identify a significant "Engagement-Trust Paradox," where creative animation achieved a 100% engagement rate in capturing attention but simultaneously triggered a profound "Trust Gap." Approximately 70% to 90% of participants expressed skepticism regarding the site's physical reality, perceiving animation as a tool that potentially masks logistical deficiencies or exaggerates natural beauty. Furthermore, 75% of respondents felt hindered from visiting due to a critical "Informational Gap" regarding precise location tags, road accessibility, and facility costs. This research concludes that for emerging destinations, creative digital narration must be harmonized with "aesthetic transparency" and factual documentation to convert online engagement into physical visits. Practically, the study recommends adopting a hybrid content strategy that integrates User-Generated Content (UGC) and real-life footage to bridge the gap between digital inspiration and logistical reality, ensuring that the visual "vibe" is supported by verifiable facts to reduce the perceived risk for potential visitors.

Keywords: TikTok Marketing, Animated Storytelling, Student Perception, Digital Tourism, Trust Gap.

Paronomasia in Raditya Dika's Podcast There Will Be No Other 2 on YouTube: A Semantic Study

2025-12-20T15:50:00+00:00

This study aims to describe the forms of paronomasia in Raditya Dika’s podcast entitled “Tidak Akan Ada Agak Laen 2” through an analysis of meaning relations in semantic studies. Paronomasia is understood as a language game or word twists, so it is relevant to be studied in the context of podcasts that are spontaneous, interactive, and full of improvisation. The data sources for this study include all utterances produced by Raditya Dika and other comedians in the podcast, while the data are in the form of utterance units that show sound similarities accompanied by shifts in meaning. Data collection was carried out through observation and recording techniques using observation sheets to record, select, and identify forms of word twists in the context of conversation. Data analysis includes data reduction, classification of forms of meaning relations, analysis of the context of emergence, and presentation of results in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study indicate that paronomasia is realized through three main forms of meaning relations, namely acronyms, homophony, and paronymy. Acronyms are found in two data in the form of creative shortenings, namely “ela” and “gaukat”. Homophony is the most dominant form, characterized by sound similarities that produce different meanings, as seen in the use of “tortor”, “pabrik gulai”, “pim-pim”, and “sunglap”. Paronymy is identified through puns on the film titles “Sabtu Bersama Batak”, “Perempuan Tanah Jahe Enam”, and “Kambing Santan”. The research findings indicate that paronomasia functions as a linguistic strategy that utilizes phonological creativity and meaning-relational mechanisms to construct humor while maintaining interaction in digital spoken discourse. Theoretically, this research strengthens understanding of the role of paronomasia in the process of meaning-formation in podcast-based communication.

Dysphemism in the Novel A Portion of Chicken Noodles Before Dying: Analysis of Meaning, Form, Function, and Classification

2026-01-14T14:53:35+00:00

The novel Seporsi Mie Ayam Sebelum Mati represents the realities of the characters’ lives through the use of a firm, direct, and harshly nuanced style of language. One of the prominent linguistic features in this novel is dysphemism, which is employed as a stylistic device to openly depict conflict, emotional outbursts, and social criticism. In linguistic studies, dysphemism is not merely understood as the use of coarse expressions, but rather as a linguistic strategy that serves aesthetic and pragmatic functions in constructing literary meaning. Therefore, an analysis of dysphemism in this novel is essential to reveal the deepening of characterization and the social messages conveyed by the author. This study aims to describe the forms, classifications, and functions of dysphemism in the novel Seporsi Mie Ayam Sebelum Mati. The research was conducted through a library-based study, with the novel serving as the primary data source. The research population comprises all linguistic units found in the novel, while the research sample consists of words, phrases, and expressions containing dysphemistic elements. The research instruments include data cards and a dysphemism classification guideline based on stylistic and pragmatic theories. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively using content analysis techniques through the stages of identification, categorization, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that dysphemism in the novel can be classified into four forms: insults, mockery, negative labeling, and pejoration. These dysphemistic expressions function to realistically represent the characters’ emotions, construct characterization, strengthen plot dynamics, and convey social criticism both implicitly and explicitly.

Dynamics of Multilingual Environment in the Development of Students' Speaking Skills in Indonesian for Foreign Speakers

2026-01-01T16:41:09+00:00

This study aims to describe the dynamics of a multilingual environment and its role in developing Indonesian speaking skills of students in the Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) program. The research was conducted at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto in the 2024/2025 academic year. The population of this study consisted of all foreign students enrolled in the BIPA program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, with the sample selected purposively, namely students who actively participated in BIPA classes and interacted with the campus environment and surrounding community. This study employed a qualitative method with a case study design. The research instruments included semi-structured interview guidelines and observation sheets. Data were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that BIPA students are situated in a multilingual environment involving the use of Indonesian, local languages, and foreign languages. The environment functions as a source of language acquisition through out-of-class interactions, particularly through imitation and repetition. Formal learning provides linguistic foundations, while naturalistic learning supports speaking fluency and confidence. However, the dominance of local languages and affective factors pose challenges in oral communication.

Representation of Flowers in the Lyrics of the Songs Bunga Maaf and Bunga Abadi and the Nitizen Comment

2025-12-20T17:05:25+00:00

Song lyrics are not merely a sequence of words to be sung, but texts that convey values, situations, and emotional messages through figurative language such as metaphor, symbolism, hyperbole, and personification. Listeners actively construct meaning based on their experiences, emotions, and backgrounds, making interpretation subjective and personal. Therefore, this study focuses on two songs that feature the flower symbol in their lyrics, namely Bunga Maaf by The Lantis and Bunga Abadi by Rio Clappy, to describe how university students and YouTube netizens interpret the symbolic meaning of flowers within both songs. This study employs the theory of literary pragmatics, which emphasizes the role of the audience as meaning-makers, showing that a song only becomes meaningful when responded to by its listeners. The analysis also incorporates the concept of symbols, the perspective that considers songs as a form of literary work, and emotional classifications reflected in the lyrics to strengthen the interpretation process. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through YouTube comments, semi-structured interviews with students, and note-taking related to statements from the songwriters about the intended meaning of their songs. The findings are presented by linking the interpreted meanings with relevant theoretical frameworks to explain how symbolic representation and emotional elements shape the relationship between the singer, the text, and the audience. The results indicate that in Bunga Maaf, flowers symbolize regret, longing, and the desire to correct past mistakes, while in Bunga Abadi, they represent sincerity and everlasting love. These variations in interpretation highlight the influence of each listener’s emotional involvement and personal experience in constructing meaning.

The Effect of Augmented Reality on Improving Arabic Vocabulary Mastery in SMP Al-Azhar Medan Students

2025-12-20T16:26:05+00:00

This study aims to examine the effect of Augmented Reality (AR) on the improvement of Arabic vocabulary mastery among eighth-grade students at SMP Al-Azhar Medan. The population of this study included all eighth-grade students in the 2024/2025 academic year, with samples selected using purposive sampling to ensure comparable initial abilities. Two homogeneous classes were assigned as the experimental group, which received AR-based instruction, and the control group, which followed conventional teaching methods based on lectures and written exercises. The primary research instrument was a vocabulary test measuring recognition, comprehension, and contextual use of mufradat. Additionally, observation sheets were employed to assess student engagement during learning, and a student perception questionnaire was used as supporting data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to calculate means, pretest-posttest differences, and standard deviations, as well as inferential statistics using an independent sample t-test to determine the significance of differences between the two groups. The results indicate that the experimental group achieved a significantly higher posttest mean score (84.5) compared to the control group (71.8), with a significance value of 0.001. These findings suggest that AR strengthens visual memory, enhances student motivation and engagement, and facilitates contextual internalization of vocabulary. Teachers are encouraged to integrate AR in mufradat instruction, while schools should provide technological support. Further research is recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of AR for other language skills and at different educational levels.

Analysis of Language Style in the Song Lyrics in Nadin Amizah's Album For the World, Love and Dirt: Stilistica Study

2025-12-20T16:14:14+00:00

Songs are a form of literary work that combine melody and rhythm. This study examines the figurative language and the meaning of figurative expressions found in Nadin Amizah’s album “Untuk Dunia, Cinta, dan Kotornya” (For the World, Love, and Its Filth). The purpose of this research is to: (1) describe the types of figurative language and the meanings contained in the figurative expressions used in the lyrics of Nadin Amizah’s songs in the album “Untuk Dunia, Cinta, dan Kotornya.” The method used is descriptive with a qualitative research type. The research data includes lyrics from the song album “For the World, Love, and Dirty” by Nadin Amizah. The data source of this research is the song lyrics. Data collection techniques include reading, understanding, and grouping data from the results of observation guidelines, namely figurative language style in Nadin Amizah’s song lyrics in the album “For the World, Love, and Dirty”. Data was analyzed by first selecting narratives, identifying, classifying, analyzing, and presenting the results in descriptive form. The research began with reading the data, classifying, analyzing, describing, and concluding with a summary of the results. The results of this study show that the lyrics in the album “Untuk Dunia, Cinta, dan Kotornya” contain seven types of figurative language: metaphor, simile, personification, allusion, antonomasia, sarcasm, and innuendo. Across these seven types, a total of twenty-eight lyrical excerpts were identified. The analysis of the meanings of figurative language also produced similar findings, with seven types of figurative expressions and twenty-eight lyrical excerpts containing figurative meaning.

Analysis of Errors in the Use of Standard Language in Descriptive Texts for Grade VII Students of SMP Negeri 34 Surabaya

2026-01-10T05:14:00+00:00

This study aims to identify and describe the types of writing errors made by seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 34 Surabaya in descriptive texts, including spelling errors, standard word choice, and effective sentences. This study uses S. Pit Corder’s error analysis theory. The data sources for this study come from students’ descriptive texts that contain errors or deviations from the EYD, KBBI, and standard grammar guidelines. The research data is presented in the form of error analysis using a descriptive-qualitative approach in the form of content analysis. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and writing tests. The data analysis techniques used included reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that from 30 data sources, 505 errors were found, consisting of 444 spelling errors, including 210 errors in the use of capital letters and 26 errors in the use of italics; 46 errors in the use of periods and 62 errors in the use of commas; 17 errors in affixation, 21 errors in prepositions, and 72 errors in word abbreviations. Errors were also found in the selection of standard words (26 errors) and the construction of effective sentences (35 errors). The results of interviews with Indonesian language teachers show that the main cause of writing errors is students’ lack of mastery and understanding of standard writing rules. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that students still lack understanding of the use of standard Indonesian grammar, so in-depth learning is needed to improve students’ language skills.

Strategies for Translating Indonesian–Arabic Metaphors in the Song Lyrics of Cinta Sejati (Al-Hubb)

2026-01-18T01:25:24+00:00

This study aims to analyze the types of metaphors and metaphor translation strategies from Indonesian into Arabic in the song lyrics Cinta Sejati by Bunga Citra Lestari and its Arabic version Al-Ḥubb al-Khāliṣ, based on Newmark’s theory. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a text analysis design. The data consist of metaphorical expressions in the Indonesian lyrics as the source language and their equivalents in Arabic as the target language. Data were collected using observation and note-taking techniques, while data analysis involved classifying the types of metaphors and identifying the translation strategies applied. The findings reveal that the metaphors in Cinta Sejati fall into four categories: dead metaphors, cliché metaphors, stock metaphors, and original metaphors, with stock metaphors being the most dominant. No instances of recent metaphors were found. In translating the lyrics into Arabic, the translator employed only three of the seven metaphor translation strategies proposed by Newmark, namely reproducing the same image in the target language, replacing the image with a standard target-language image, and converting the metaphor into sense. The most frequently used strategy was reproducing the same image, particularly for metaphors that are universal and culturally acceptable in Arabic. These findings indicate that metaphor translation in song lyrics requires a balance between semantic equivalence, linguistic naturalness, and aesthetic effect. This study is expected to contribute to research on Indonesian–Arabic metaphor translation and to serve as a reference for teaching the translation of poetic texts.

Utilization of Claude Artificial Intelligence Technology to Increase the Effectiveness of Conveying Opinions about Bullying

2025-12-20T16:32:03+00:00

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Claudia version is believed to be able to assist students who have difficulty writing coherent and objective opinions. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the Claude version of the AI to improve the effectiveness of opinion writing on bullying for grade 1 students. This study took place in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year at SMA Negeri 4 Pematang Siantar. The Claude version of the AI was used as a companion tool in the opinion-writing process. The respondents of this study were a group of class X students. Data were collected through objectively designed observation and interview guidelines. Data on students' opinion writing on bullying before and after using the AI were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results showed that the use of the Claude version of the AI improved the clarity of ideas, writing structure, and word choice when students expressed their opinions. Students felt more supported because the AI provided examples, suggestions, and corrections that made it easier for them to express their opinions regarding bullying. Furthermore, students became more confident and motivated when expressing their opinions. The use of the Claude version of the AI has proven effective as a tool in improving students' ability to express their opinions on bullying issues.

Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Project-Based Learning Models in Designing Speech Act Comprehension Test Instruments

2026-01-10T14:48:28+00:00

This study is a Research and Development (R&D) aimed at developing a speech act comprehension test instrument based on the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Project-Based Learning (PJBL) model for students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program (PBSI), Faculty of Language and Arts (FBS), Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP). The development of the test instrument followed the 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate), conducted up to the develop stage, which included student needs analysis through questionnaires and interviews, instrument design (pre-test, AI- and PJBL-based project assignments, post-test), and validation by experts in learning, linguistics, and graphic design. The instrument was designed in accordance with constructivist principles, emphasizing active student engagement in knowledge construction through projects and contextual activities. The results of the study indicate that the instrument’s content feasibility reached 77.5% (valid category), language feasibility 84.61% (very valid category), and graphical feasibility 88.46% (very valid category), with an overall validity score of 83.52% (very valid). These findings confirm that the integration of AI and the PJBL model in the speech act comprehension test instrument is suitable for evaluating students’ speech act comprehension in a contextual, applicative, and collaborative manner, while also functioning as a pragmatic learning medium that supports analysis, application, and student reflection.

Application of Quizizz Media in Learning to Analyze the Building Elements of Poetry for Class X Students of MAN 2 Gorontalo Regency

2025-12-20T15:40:16+00:00

The purpose of this study is to utilize Quiziz media to help students better remember the material. With results that can be read or downloaded directly and displayed on an LCD screen, Quiziz also functions as a daily assessment tool, motivating students to be enthusiastic and achieve the best grades. This research was conducted at MAN 2, Gorontalo Regency, in 2024. The number of students or population at the time of the study was 8 people. The descriptive method is a research method used to describe or explain an existing phenomenon or situation, without attempting to change or manipulate the existing variables. In this study, the descriptive method was used to describe or explain the application of Quizizz media in learning to analyze the building blocks of poetry. Quantitative data were obtained through pretests and posttests, which were analyzed using descriptive statistical means and to observe differences in learning outcomes before and after the application of Quiziz. Meanwhile, qualitative data were collected through learning observations and documentation to explore in-depth the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes, obstacles, and solutions applied during the use of Quiziz media. The results showed that the application of Quizizz media can improve student learning outcomes in analyzing the building blocks of poetry. Factors influencing student learning outcomes include technical factors, teacher readiness, student readiness, the environment and facilities, and psychological and social factors. Solutions to address these inhibiting factors include providing alternative learning modes, improving teacher and student readiness, optimizing the environment and facilities, and employing psychological and social approaches. The results of this study indicate that Quizizz media can be used as an innovative method to improve the quality of learning and student learning outcomes.

Improving Listening Skills Through the Use of Mondly and Busuu Apps Subject: Comparative Study Using the Mondly and Busuu Apps

2025-12-21T05:41:45+00:00

This study aims to investigate the extent to which the Mondly and Busuu applications can enhance students' listening skills in learning Arabic. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with an unequal control group model. There were two groups, each consisting of 15 people, who studied using the applications for a certain period. The data collected through initial and final tests were then analyzed using several statistical tests, such as normality, homogeneity, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests. The results showed that both apps significantly improved listening skills, as evidenced by the large difference between the pre-test and post-test scores and a significance value of p < 0.001. However, the comparison test between the two groups revealed no significant difference in post-test scores using Mondly andBusuu (p = 0.327). These results indicate that both applications are equally effective in improving Arabic speaking comprehension. This study confirms that mobile learning can be a good supporting tool for flexible, interactive language learning that is tailored to the needs of learners.

Learning to Write a Summary Story Review Using a Dual Strategy through a Google Form-Based Teaching Module

2026-01-01T19:33:08+00:00

Writing a review of literary works is one of the objectives of learning literary theory in higher education. This learning relies on the aspects of reading the object of the review and the writing aspect. Each learning requires a strategy that is appropriate to both the learning objectives and the character of the students. The dual strategy through a Google Form-based teaching module with a file upload option is believed to be effective. The purpose of this study is to describe: 1) the learning procedure for writing a review of the Amir Hamzah saga using a dual strategy through a Google Form-based teaching module with a file upload option; 2) the learning outcomes of writing a review of the Amir Hamzah saga using a dual strategy through a Google Form-based teaching module with a file upload option. The study took place in the odd semester of 2025/2026 at SMK Ar-Rahman Cianjur. This study used a quantitative descriptive method. The study population was 11th grade students who participated in the learning activity of writing a review of the Amir Hamzah saga. They numbered 17 students. The study used a total sample, namely all members of the population were made sample members. Data on writing a summary review of Amir Hamzah was collected using a test instrument in the form of a Google Form-based performance test. The data of Amir Hamzah's summary review writing were analyzed using descriptive statistics, namely mean, percentage, mode, and standard deviation. The results of the study: 1) the learning procedure for writing Amir Hamzah's fable review using a dual strategy through a Google form-based teaching module with the file upload option involved 3 initial activities, 11 core activities, and 2 final activities; 2) the learning outcomes of writing Amir Hamzah's fable review using a dual strategy through a Google form-based teaching module with the file upload option were in the high category.

Environmental Exploitation in Chandra Bientang's Novel Batu Berkaki: An Ecocritical Study

2025-12-20T16:50:29+00:00

Chandra Bientang’s novel Batu Berkaki (2024) depicts society’s struggle to deal with environmental damage triggered by human greed and efforts to restore the balance of nature through moral values and ecological awareness. This study examines the representation of environmental exploitation and environmental ethics in the novel. Specifically, the study aims to (1) describe forms of environmental exploitation based on Garrard’s perspective, and (2) describe forms of environmental ethics based on Keraf’s perspective. The study uses Garrard’s ecocritical theory as a basis for examining the relationship between humans and nature in literary works, and Keraf’s environmental ethical theory to explain the moral values that guide humans in preserving the environment. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The research data consists of excerpts from the novel Batu Berkaki that depict acts of exploitation and ethical behavior towards the environment. Data sources come from the main novel and are supported by relevant theoretical references. Data collection techniques are carried out through reading and note-taking, while data analysis includes systematic reduction, classification, description, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study showed 42 data representing environmental exploitation, consisting of pollution (11 data), wilderness (8 data), natural disasters (1 data), residence (11 data), animals (7 data), and the earth (4 data). In addition, 19 data were found related to environmental ethics which include respect for nature, responsibility, solidarity, compassion, the principle of no harm, a simple and harmonious life towards nature, the principle of justice, the principle of democracy, and the principle of moral integrity. These findings confirm that the novel Batu Berkaki not only highlights ecological damage, but also offers moral values as a foundation for sustainable environmental recovery and supports the interests of the ecosystem.

Land Conversion in Abroorza A. Yusra's Novel Danum: A Study of Literary Ecology

2025-12-20T16:54:49+00:00

Land conversion is a change in land function that impacts the environment and the socio-economic conditions of the community. This study examines the process of land conversion in Abroorza A. Yusra's novel Danum, including land conversion patterns, their impacts, and the resulting social conflicts. The purpose of this study is to describe the land conversion patterns, their impacts, and the social conflicts that arise as a result of this land conversion process. This study uses Literary Ecology theory to examine the relationship between humans and nature, Sihaloho's land conversion theory on the patterns and impacts of land conversion, and Soekanto's social conflict theory as a basis for analyzing the resulting social conflicts. This study uses a descriptive method with data in the form of excerpts from the novel Danum that represent land conversion patterns, their impacts, and the resulting social conflicts. The primary data source is Abroorza A. Yusra's novel Danum, which was examined through literature review. Data analysis was conducted through filtering, thematic grouping, interpretation of meaning, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that (1) Abroorza A. Yusra's novel Danum depicts three patterns of land conversion, a planned enclave pattern through collusion of power, a pattern resulting from social and economic pressure, and a pattern of agrarian adaptation to a capitalist economy. (2) This land conversion has three impacts, namely changes in land ownership from indigenous communities to companies, changes in land use that damage the environment in the form of loss of customary forests, and social changes in communities. (3) In addition, three forms of social conflict emerged according to Soekanto, including politics, class, and individuals, which highlight social dynamics, human-nature relationships, and changes in values due to land conversion. Danum displays social complexity, human-nature interactions, and changes in values due to land conversion.

Representation of the Object of Love in Valerie Patkar’s Novel Logika Asa: An Erich Fromm Psychological Study

2025-12-21T05:12:01+00:00

This study aims to describe the object of love in the novel Logika Asa by Valerie Patkar using Erich Fromm’s theory of love psychology. This research uses a literary psychology approach with a qualitative method, presenting results descriptively. The theory used in this study is Erich Fromm’s love psychology, which focuses on analyzing objects of love in literary works, specifically novels. The data source used is the novel Logika Asa by Valerie Patkar, with research data in the form of quotations. The data collection technique used is the observation technique by reading and noting. The data are analyzed using a descriptive analysis technique by selecting data, categorizing data according to the theory, analyzing data, and describing the data that has been found. The research results show that the novel Logika Asa by Valerie Patkar contains five objects of love according to Erich Fromm’s theory of love, namely: 1) love for others, demonstrated through aspects of care and responsibility, 2) maternal love, demonstrated through aspects of care and responsibility, 3) erotic love, demonstrated through aspects of individual attraction specifically towards an individual and sacrifice, 4) self-love, demonstrated through aspects of responsibility and care for oneself, and 5) love for God, demonstrated through the aspect of feeling His presence in reality and always remembering God in every step. The embodiment of the objects of love from the data found is supported by several elements in the form of a sense of care and a sense of responsibility.

A Semiotic Study of Faruq's Poem “Haninun” Juwaidah from Michael Riffaterre's Perspective

2025-12-16T13:35:04+00:00

This qualitative study aims to reveal and explain the unity of meaning contained in Haninun's (حنين) poetry through Michael Riffaterre's semiotic approach, specifically by utilizing heuristic reading, hermeneutic reading, and tracing matrix structures, models, and variants. The data analysis technique used is Miles and Huberman's analysis technique. The results of the semiotic analysis of Faruq Juwaidah's poem Haninun using Michael Riffaterre's perspective show that the poetic meaning in the text is constructed through the process of heuristic reading, hermeneutic reading, and mapping the relationship between matrix, model, and variant. The results of heuristic reading show that the lexical structure of the poem is dominated by the forms ism, harf, and a number of verbs in fi‘il madhi and fi‘il mudhari, which linguistically indicate the poet's tendency to use diction with emotional, relational, and existential nuances.

Analysis of the Needs of Local Wisdom-Based Augmented Reality Flipbooks for Popular Scientific Article Reading Skills

2025-12-20T14:52:49+00:00

Keterampilan membaca artikel ilmiah populer merupakan kemampuan penting dalam penguatan literasi siswa di era digital, namun pada praktiknya siswa SMP masih menghadapi kesulitan dalam memahami isi teks secara kritis dan kontekstual. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah keterbatasan media pembelajaran yang inovatif dan relevan dengan perkembangan teknologi serta budaya lokal. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan guru, siswa, dan kurikulum sebagai dasar pengembangan Flipbook Augmented Reality (AR) berbasis kearifan lokal pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan angket terhadap guru serta 31 siswa di SMP Negeri 7 Padang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru masih mengandalkan media konvensional dan membutuhkan inovasi berbasis teknologi yang interaktif, sementara siswa menunjukkan kategori kebutuhan tinggi (78,8%) terhadap media digital yang menarik, mudah diakses, dan kontekstual dengan budaya lokal. Analisis kurikulum juga menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran membaca artikel ilmiah populer dalam Kurikulum Merdeka telah relevan, tetapi belum sepenuhnya mengintegrasikan nilai kearifan lokal dan teknologi AR. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan Flipbook AR menjadi langkah penting dalam mewujudkan pembelajaran yang bermakna, interaktif, dan berbasis budaya, sekaligus menjadi landasan bagi tahap Design dan Development dalam model ADDIE.

The Lexical and Grammatical Semantic in the Poem Ahinnu Ila Khubzi Ummi by Mahmoud Darwish: The Perspective of Abdul Chaer

2025-12-20T17:33:56+00:00

In producing a poem, it is not uncommon for a writer to produce a poem that contains implied meaning through the use of figurative language or metaphors. This encourages readers to think more deeply in order to understand the meaning conveyed by the author through the figurative language he uses. The objectives of tjis study are : 1) to describe the lexical meaning in the poem Ahinnu Ila Khubzi Ummi based on Abdul Caher’s perspective, 2) to describe the grammatical meaning in the poem Ahinnu Ila Khubzi Ummi based on Abdul Chaer’s perspective. The theory used in this study is the lexical and grammatical semantic theory proposed by Abdul Chaer. This research is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques in the form of reading and note-taking, while the data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model, which is divided into three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The primary data source for this study is the lines in the poem Ahinnu Ila Khubzi Ummi by Mahmoud Darwish and its translation, while the secondary data used in this study is form several books and journals related to this study. The result of this study found lexical meanings consisting of synonymy, antonymy, homonymy, hyponymy, polysemy, ambiguity, and reduncacy. Meanwhilw, the grammatical meanings found consisted of affixation, reduplication, and composition.

Skills in Using Effective Sentences in Writing Observation Report Texts for Grade VIII Junior High School Students

2026-01-20T22:41:32+00:00

This study aims to describe the use of effective sentences in observation report texts of eighth-grade students of Al-Chodidjah Tebuireng Integrated Junior High School. The study was conducted in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The study population consisted of 22 eighth-grade students. From this population, students were divided into five groups of 4–5 students each, with a sample of 10 observation report texts or two groups being analyzed. The research data consisted of observation report texts written by students as a result of writing learning assignments. Data collection was carried out through written tests, while data analysis was carried out by identifying the use of effective sentences based on indicators of unity of ideas, economy of words, sentence cohesion, and accuracy of sentence structure. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical calculations with the help of the SPSS program. The results showed that students' ability to use effective sentences was in the sufficient category. Students generally understood the basic structure of sentences, but their application in writing observation report texts was not optimal. There were still sentences that were too long, unnecessary repetition of words, imbalance in subject-predicate structure, and inconsistent use of spelling and punctuation. The main obstacles faced by students include difficulty choosing diction, poor understanding of sentence structure, the habit of writing branching sentences, and low metalinguistic awareness. These findings indicate the need to strengthen micro-language skills in learning to write observational report texts.

Improving Poetry Writing Skills through the Suggestopedia Method with Song Media

2025-12-16T11:29:02+00:00

This study aims to: (1) describe the learning process of poetry-writing skills through the Suggestopedia method using song media among students of class X TPM 1 at SMKN Negeri Kudu Jombang; (2) improve students’ poetry-writing skills through the application of the Suggestopedia method with song media in class X TPM 1 at SMKN Negeri Kudu Jombang; and (3) describe the responses of students in class X TPM 1 at SMKN Negeri Kudu Jombang after participating in poetry-writing instruction using the Suggestopedia method with song media. The research method employed was descriptive quantitative with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The research subjects consisted of 35 students who participated in poetry-writing instruction through the Suggestopedia method with song media. Data were collected through observation, poetry-writing tests, and student response questionnaires. The results indicate that the Suggestopedia method using song media significantly improved students’ poetry-writing skills. The average pretest score of 67.83 increased to 80.71 in the posttest, showing an improvement of 12.88%. This improvement occurred due to a relaxed learning atmosphere, the presence of positive suggestions from the teacher, and the role of music in stimulating students’ imagination and creative expression. Based on the questionnaire results, 93% of students provided positive responses to the implementation of this method, as it was considered enjoyable, motivating, and helpful in facilitating the expression of ideas into poetic form. Thus, the Suggestopedia method using song media can serve as an alternative and effective instructional strategy for improving poetry-writing skills while also strengthening students’ affective and creative aspects in Indonesian language and literature learning.

English Teachers’ Readiness in Integrating CTL and Learning and Deep Learning into Language Teaching

2026-01-08T16:12:15+00:00

This study aimed to describe English teachers’ readiness in integrating Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) and deep learning into English language teaching at the junior high school level. The research participants were ten junior high school English teachers from different schools, selected purposively as research informants. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The primary research instrument was a semi-structured interview, supported by documentation of teaching and learning materials. Data were analyzed qualitatively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that English teachers demonstrated a sufficient level of readiness in integrating CTL by connecting learning materials with students’ real-life contexts. In addition, teachers showed readiness in applying deep learning principles through discussion activities, project-based learning, and collaborative tasks that encouraged students’ critical thinking and communication skills. Supporting factors included the availability of school facilities and teacher collaboration, while challenges involved limited instructional time, differences in students’ language proficiency, and students’ low confidence in using English. The study concludes that the integration of CTL and deep learning has strong potential to enhance the quality of English language teaching when supported by continuous professional development for teachers.

The Students’ Attitude toward English Learning at Seventh Grade of SMP Swasta Kristen Tomosa 1

2025-12-21T05:22:36+00:00

his study aims to analyze students' attitudes toward learning English reading in seventh-grade students at Tomosa 1 Private Christian Junior High School. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The study subjects consisted of 38 seventh-grade students and one English teacher. Data analysis was conducted in four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results showed that most students had positive attitudes toward learning English reading. This was evident from their active involvement in reading texts, their willingness to answer questions based on the reading, and their efforts to understand vocabulary and text content. However, several students also exhibited negative attitudes, such as a lack of interest in reading English texts, difficulty understanding the reading content, and a tendency to be passive during the reading activity. Factors influencing students' attitudes toward learning English reading include family environment, peer influence, unsupervised use of gadgets, the teacher's reading learning methods, and students' perceptions of the difficulty level of English reading texts. In addition, this study found that the application of interesting reading strategies, the use of texts that are appropriate to students' ability levels, the integration of character education, providing motivation, and increasing interaction between teachers and students are effective in building students' positive attitudes towards reading activities.

Changes in the Main Characters in the Serial Film I Don’t Hate Rain: A Review of Skinner’s Behaviorism Psychology

2026-01-14T08:13:52+00:00

This study examines the behavior of the character Karang in the serial film Aku Tak Memenang Hujan using B.F. Skinner’s behaviorist literary psychology approach. This study aims to describe the forms of stimulus, response, and behavioral effects of the character Karang that emerge as a result of interaction with the surrounding environment. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method with data sources in the form of the serial film Aku Tak Memenang Hujan. The data collection technique is carried out through documentation in the form of screenshots of scene clips containing elements of stimulus, response, and the effects of the character’s behavior. The collected data are then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results and discussion of the research on the serial film Aku Tak Memenang Hujan using Skinner’s behaviorist psychology theory, three things can be concluded. First, this study has found various forms of stimulus originating from the surrounding environment Karang undergoes a learning process. These stimuli come from the family environment, school, and social environment that influence changes in the behavior of the character Karang. Second, the response shown by the character Karang appears as a direct reaction to the stimulus he receives, whether in the form of an emotional response, a verbal response, or a physical response. Third, the effects of this response impact the behavior and psychological state of Karang’s characters, characterized by the emergence of childhood trauma, internal conflict, and personality disorders.

Social Pathology of Jakarta Society in Brian Khrisna's Novel Sisi Tergelap Surga

2025-12-20T17:01:08+00:00

Social pathology is behavior that does not conform to social norms and can be detrimental to both individuals and society. This study examines the portrayal of the metropolitan lifestyle, forms of social pathology, causal factors, and impacts in Brian Khrisna's novel "The Darkest Side of Heaven." The research aims to describe the urban lifestyle in the novel, identify the forms of social pathology, explain the factors causing deviance, and outline the consequences. This study uses a Sociology of Literature approach that emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between literary works and social reality, and Burlian's Social Pathology theory as a foundation for examining the types of deviance, its triggers, and consequences. The method used is descriptive, with data consisting of novel excerpts representing the metropolitan lifestyle and the phenomenon of social deviance. Data was collected through literature review, then analyzed through a process of filtering, thematic grouping, interpreting meaning, and drawing conclusions based on the research findings. The results indicate that this novel presents four portraits of a metropolitan lifestyle that reflect urban society's orientation toward self-image, prestige, and symbolic success. Furthermore, five forms of social pathology were identified: crime, gambling, prostitution, alcohol consumption, and thuggery. Factors causing deviance include dysfunctional family conditions and economic pressures that push individuals to take shortcuts. The impacts are divided into two: those on the perpetrator, such as the loss of future, dignity, and self-control, and those on the environment, such as social unrest, decreased harmony, and weakened solidarity. Through its portraits of lifestyles, forms of deviance, causal factors, and impacts, this novel showcases complex social dynamics and the relationship between individuals and urban society.

Needs Study of Interactive Flipbook of Local Wisdom for Reading Skills of Observation Report Text

2026-01-05T20:28:19+00:00

This study aims to analyze the needs for developing an interactive flipbook incorporating local wisdom to enhance the observation report reading skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 40 Padang. The background of this research is based on students’ low interest in reading and limited ability to comprehend the content of observation report texts, caused by the lack of engaging, interactive, and contextual learning media. As a result, the Indonesian Language learning objectives in the Merdeka Curriculum have not been optimally achieved. This study employs a mixed methods approach, with the research design referring to the Analyze stage in the ADDIE development model. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires distributed to teachers and students, and curriculum document analysis. The subjects of the study included Indonesian Language teachers and eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 40 Padang. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive percentage analysis, while qualitative data were examined through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing stages. The results indicate that both teachers and students have a high need for the development of digital learning media in the form of interactive flipbooks that align with student characteristics and local cultural values. Student needs analysis showed an average score of 79.05%, categorized as high, indicating students’ enthusiasm for visually engaging and easily understandable digital learning media. Furthermore, curriculum analysis revealed a gap between the learning outcomes of the Merdeka Curriculum and the actual classroom conditions, which are still dominated by conventional teaching materials. Therefore, an interactive flipbook based on local wisdom is considered relevant and promising to be developed as a learning medium capable of enhancing students’ learning motivation, reading interest, and meaningful comprehension of observation report texts.

The Psychological Condition of the Main Character in Devia Ananda's Novel Hey, Bodyguard! (A Secret): Carl Rogers' Humanistic Perspective

2026-01-05T06:14:36+00:00

The purpose of this study is to describe the psychological condition and fulfillment of Rogers' humanistic concept of Rayyan in the novel Hey, Bodyguard! (A Secret) by Devia Ananda. This study raises the important issue of mental health in the process of individual development. This study uses a qualitative method with a literary psychology approach to process the data. The descriptive technique with data analysis procedures uses five aspects of Carl Rogers' humanistic psychology, namely self-concept, ideal self, unconditionally positive regard, fully functioning person, and empathy. The source of research data is the novel Hey, Bodyguard! (A Secret) by Devia Ananda, published in 2023 by Sunset Road, with data in the form of relevant narrative and dialogue excerpts related to the research focus. The data collection technique involved reading, identifying the main character's research focus, marking dialogues or narratives, collecting data, and categorizing data. The data validity technique used triangulation to validate the objectivity of the research. The results of the study show two psychological disorders, namely post-traumatic stress disorder and psychosis. Rayyan's self-concept shows that he is vulnerable due to psychological symptoms such as dull affect, excessive feelings of uselessness, emotional instability, and distortion of reality. His ideal self is centered on family values, apologies, and psychological healing. The unconditionally positive regard Rayyan receives takes the form of acceptance, attention, support, and motivation. Rayyan is not a fully functioning person, but his empathy has been reactivated.

Development of a Digital Tolerance Module as a Supplement to Basic BIPA Learning to Improve Intercultural Communication Competence

2025-12-21T06:16:19+00:00

This study aims to develop a digital tolerance module as a supplement to elementary-level BIPA learning in order to improve intercultural communication skills. The research used the Research and Development (R&D) method adapted from Borg and Gall, which includes 1) potential and problems, 2) data collection, 3) product design, 4) product validation, 5) product revision, 6) testing, and 7) final revision. The research subjects were a small heterogeneous class of UNESA Basic Level BIPA learners from various countries. Data collection techniques were obtained through interviews, document studies, and validation questionnaires regarding materials and media. The research instruments included interview guidelines, document studies, and expert validation questionnaires on materials and media. The research data analysis used qualitative and quantitative methods (mixed methods). The results showed that the development of this digital module produced a supplementary product that integrated tolerance values into Basic BIPA language materials through interactive multimedia features. The development procedure successfully transformed learners’ needs for sociocultural material into a product design that was validated by experts. Based on the validation test results, the digital tolerance module scored 85% in the “Highly Valid” category in terms of material and media. These findings indicate that the digital tolerance module is suitable for use as a supplement to Basic BIPA learning to support the strengthening of intercultural communication competencies.

Representations of Discrimination Against the Descendants of Former Political Prisoners: A Novel Study from the Perspective of Gramsci's Hegemony

2026-01-14T08:07:03+00:00

This study aims to describe the representation of discrimination against the descendants of former political prisoners in Leila S. Chudori's novel Namaku Alam using Antonio Gramsci's hegemony theory. This study focuses on revealing how ideological power operates through culture, hegemony, ideology and popular belief (common sense), the role of intellectuals, and the state as reflected in literary texts. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sociology of literature approach that views literary works as a reflection of the social and ideological realities of society. The research data comes from narrative excerpts, dialogues, and situational descriptions in the novel Namaku Alam obtained using documentation guidelines. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to interpret ideological messages and power relations in the text. The results show that this novel represents the practice of discrimination against the descendants of former political prisoners through five main forms. First, the cultural aspect displays the legacy of stigma. Second, the hegemonic aspect shows the dominance of state ideology through educational institutions. Third, the ideological and common sense aspects are seen through symbolic terms such as "communist children" which justify social exclusion. Fourth, the intellectual aspect presents traditional intellectuals who maintain the stability of power and organic intellectuals who carry out resistance. Fifth, the aspect of the state acting as a repressive institution.

Social Practices of Marginal Class Characters in Brian Khrisna's Novel Sisi Tergelap Surga According to Bourdieu's Perspective

2026-01-14T04:16:39+00:00

The novel "The Dark Side of Heaven," published by Gramedia Pustaka Utama (2023), tells a realistic and emotional story about the struggles of life on the outskirts of Jakarta. The book tells the story of 18 characters living behind the glitz and glamour of the capital, highlighting the dark side of poverty, betrayal, and hope. This study examines the social practices of marginalized class characters in the novel Sisi Tergelap Surga using Bourdieu’s perspective. This novel depicts the lives of marginalized class communities in the suburbs of Jakarta who are faced with economic limitations, social alienation, and the dominance of power structures that limit their space for movement. The purpose of this study is to describe the social practices of marginalized class characters influenced by habitus and capital ownership that can become survival strategies in the novel. This study uses Bourdieu’s sociology of literature approach. The research data sources are quotations from the novel Sisi Tergelap Surga by Brian Khrisna, published in 2023. The data collection technique was carried out through documentation, with data analysis using the Miles and Huberman flow model. The results of the study indicate that habitus and capital ownership are interrelated in shaping the social practices of marginalized class characters as survival strategies. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the social practices of marginalized class characters are formed through habitus and capital ownership in facing unbalanced social conditions.

The Meaning of Moyosingog's Oral Poetry at the Oya' Traditional Ceremony of the Bolaang Mongondow Tribe

2025-12-21T05:28:34+00:00

Moyosingog' oral poetry is a form of oral literature that thrives in the Bolaang Mongondow community, particularly during the oya' traditional ceremony. This oral poetry contains words, phrases, and sentences that represent the cultural values, customs, and social systems of the Bolaang Mongondow community, expressed through meaningful symbols. This research focuses on two issues, namely verbal symbols and nonverbal symbols contained in the Moyosingog' oral poetry in the oya' traditional ceremony of the Bolaang Mongondow Tribe. The purpose of this research is to describe the verbal symbols and nonverbal symbols in the Moyosingog' oral poetry. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach that aims to reveal the concretization of the meaning of the Moyosingog' oral poetry in the context of the oya' traditional ceremony. The research was conducted in Motabang Village, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation of the speakers of the Moyosingog' oral poetry and traditional figures involved in the implementation of the ceremony. The results of the study indicate that there are two speakers of the Moyosingog' oral poetry, namely representatives from the female and male parties, and three types of important customs were found mentioned in the oral poetry, namely Guman, Guat, and Gama. The symbols found consist of 18 verbal symbols and 5 nonverbal symbols, each of which has a denotative and connotative meaning. The conclusion of this study shows that the Moyosingog' oral poetry in the oya' traditional ceremony is a tradition of discussing marriage customs and giving oya' customs to the mother of the prospective bride which contains cultural values, social norms, and local wisdom of the Bolaang Mongondow Tribe.

The Meaning of Denotation and Connotation in Lohidu Oral Literature in the Community in Tilamuta District, Boalemo Regency

2025-12-21T06:03:52+00:00

Lohidu is an oral literature in the form of pantun in the Gorontalo language that is usually sung in various places, such as in rice fields, at sea, in gardens, on lakes, or in certain traditional events. This study aims to describe the denotative and connotative meanings in the oral literature of lohidu in the community in Tilamuta District, Boalemo Regency. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The research data are in the form of lines and stanzas of lohidu that contain denotative and connotative meanings. The data source is the community in Tilamuta District, Boalemo Regency. Data collection techniques are observation, recording, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis techniques are data transcription, data translation, identifying denotative and connotative meanings, presenting data, and concluding the research results. The results of the study indicate that the denotative meaning in Lohidu oral literature is found in words that refer directly to the literal and objective meaning of the word. The denotative meaning of Lohidu oral literature is found in the use of nouns, verbs, and adjectives to describe an event. For example, the word talohutu describes a person making something and the word ito’olo describes a number of people who are more than one. Meanwhile, the connotative meaning in Lohidu oral literature contains criticism of deviant behavior and life advice, such as religious negligence, arrogance, infidelity, and respect for parents.

Level of Effectiveness of Reading Comprehension Ability of Grade VII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Tilango

2026-01-01T16:29:46+00:00

Reading comprehension is a basic skill that plays an important role in supporting student learning success, especially at the junior high school level. However, various findings show that students’ reading comprehension skills are still relatively low. This study aims to describe the reading comprehension skills and Reading Effectiveness Skills (KEM) of seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Tilango. This study uses a quantitative descriptive design. There were 26 seventh-grade students participating in this study. Data were collected through a KEM-based reading test that measured reading speed and reading comprehension, as well as interviews as supporting data. Data analysis was conducted by calculating reading speed (words per minute), reading comprehension percentage, and KEM scores obtained from the multiplication of these two components. The results of the study show that the average reading speed of seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Tilango is 113 wpm with an average comprehension level of 63%. The average KEM score obtained by students is 74 wpm. Based on the KEM category, 80.8% of students were in the ineffective category and only 19.2% of students reached the fairly effective category. These findings indicate that the reading comprehension skills of seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Tilango are still low and there is an imbalance between reading speed and comprehension of reading content. Therefore, more focused and continuous reading learning efforts are needed to improve the effectiveness of student reading.

Emotional Semantic in Indonesian: A Literature Study on Facial Expressions and Body Language

2026-01-01T16:54:21+00:00

This study aims to analyze the relationship between emotional semantics in the Indonesian language and the expression of emotions through facial expressions and body language as components of nonverbal communication within the Indonesian cultural context. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach and a literature review method, this research examines the concepts of emotional semantics, facial expression theories, body language, and multimodality based on linguistic, psychological, and communication studies. The findings indicate that emotional meaning in Indonesian is contextual, gradational, and strongly influenced by cultural norms that emphasize social harmony and politeness. Facial expressions and body language play a crucial role as nonverbal markers that clarify, reinforce, or even modify verbal meaning. These results demonstrate that the analysis of emotional semantics must account for the integration of verbal and nonverbal channels, highlighting the necessity of a multimodal approach to understanding emotional representation in Indonesian communication.

The Main Character's Inner Conflict in the Novel Ayah, Berjuang Sendiri Itu Capek by Adellia PD: A Psychoanalytic Perspective

2026-01-26T09:52:12+00:00

This study aims to analyze the inner conflict of the main character, Brichia, in the novel Ayah, Berjuang Sendiri Itu Capek! by Adellia P.D. (2025). This inner conflict arises due to the conflict between financial and moral responsibilities towards the family and the character’s desire to achieve her dream of becoming a doctor. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literary psychology approach, specifically Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory which includes the personality structure of the id, ego, and superego as well as self-defense mechanisms. The main data source of this study is the novel Ayah, Berjuang Sendiri Itu Capek! published in 2025. Supporting data is obtained from reference books, scientific articles, and relevant research related to literary psychology. Data collection techniques are carried out through intensive reading and recording data in the form of narrative excerpts and dialogues that represent the character’s inner conflict. Data analysis is carried out by classifying data based on aspects of the id, ego, superego, and forms of self-defense mechanisms. The results of the study indicate that Brichia’s inner conflict is caused by the dominance of the id that drives the fulfillment of personal ambition, the superego that instills moral values and a sense of responsibility towards the family, and the role of the ego that tries to mediate these two drives through rational actions, such as seeking realistic educational alternatives. To reduce psychological stress, Brichia uses self-defense mechanisms, including repression, projection, and sublimation. This inner conflict contributes to the formation of Brichia’s character as an independent, tough, and principled woman.Keywords: inner conflict, Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, id, ego, superego, Father, Fighting Alone Is Tiring!

Students’ Perception of the Effectiveness of Project based Learning Methods: A Case Study on Fourth Semester at English Education Study Program

2026-01-15T15:06:07+00:00

This study aims to explore students' perceptions of the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in the English Education Study Program at Nias University. Using a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected from 30 fourth-semester students through questionnaires and interviews. The findings reveal that the majority of students have a positive perception of PjBL's effectiveness in enhancing learning outcomes, developing 21^st century skills, and increasing motivation and engagement in the learning process. Notably, 96.67% of participants acknowledged that the skills gained through PjBL are beneficial for their teaching practice, emphasizing the method's relevance in connecting theoretical knowledge with practical application.However, challenges such as uneven task distribution within groups and insufficient guidance from instructors were identified as areas needing improvement. The study highlights the importance of instructor involvement in facilitating the PjBL process, where effective guidance and support from educators are crucial for success. Students expressed appreciation for the hands-on experience provided by PjBL but noted feelings of being overwhelmed by group work demands, particularly when responsibilities were not evenly shared.The findings suggest that educators should adopt innovative teaching methods that engage students and prepare them for professional demands. Future research is recommended to expand the participant scope and utilize a mixed-methods approach to gain a more comprehensive understanding of PjBL's impact across various educational contexts. By addressing the identified challenges and leveraging PjBL's strengths, educators can create more effective learning environments that meet students' needs.

The Use of Wordwall Media in Learning Assessment to Capture the Meaning of Poetry Texts

2025-12-21T06:09:37+00:00

This study aims to describe the design, use, and evaluate the use of the Wordwall application in assessing poetry text learning among 11th grade students at Madrasah Aliyah Sabrun Jamil Botupingge in the 2024/2025 academic year. This research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Sabrun Jamil Botupingge in 2025. The number of informants in this study involved 10 students. This study used a qualitative descriptive method and qualitative research type to provide an in-depth description of the phenomenon being studied. Data sources were obtained from teaching modules or the Wordwall digital application design, the learning process, and students. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation, observation, and Wordwall application tests. Data analysis techniques were carried out through four main stages, namely data reduction to focus information, narrative data presentation, in-depth data analysis, and conclusion drawing and verification to produce accurate findings. The results showed that the Wordwall application design was systematically constructed through the integration of pedagogical, technical, and visual aspects in line with the curriculum and poetry-building indicators. Implementation in the field through the Wooden Desk-themed digital quiz feature proved to be interactive and adaptive, capable of transforming conventional assessments into a dynamic digital experience. The use of gamification features such as leaderboards and timers significantly increased students' motivation, confidence, and active participation during the assessment process. The evaluation results confirm that Wordwall is a practical and accurate assessment tool for measuring literary competence. Overall, this application is effective as a continuous assessment model that is responsive to the technological needs and characteristics of students in the digital age.

Exploring the Grammatical Structure in the Short Story خبز الصغار based on Fillmore's Perspective

2026-01-29T11:35:53+00:00

The purposeof this study is to reveal the sentence structure in the short story خبزالصغار based onCharles J. Fillmore's case grammar perspective. This study is adescriptive qualitative study. The data collection techniques consisted of three types oftechniques, namely reading, translating, and recording. The collected data was thenanalyzed using the distributional method with the basic technique ofsegmenting immediate constituents, which isa method of determining identity using a determinant tool in alanguage unit that divides a construction into the immediate constituents thatform it. The results of this study indicate that the sentence structure in the short storyخبز الصغار consists of: (1) four modalities, namely intentional, epistemic, deontic, and dynamic;and (2) ten propositions, namely: agentive case (A), experiential case (P),instrumental case (I), objective case (O), source case (S), purpose case (T),locative case (L), temporal case (W), adjunct case (PNY), and benefactive case(B).

Exploring Students’ Difficulties in LMS-Based English Reading Learning: A Case Study

2026-01-26T10:48:20+00:00

The aim of the research is to examine more deeply the students' experiences regarding students' difficulties in learning to read English based on the Learning Management System (LMS). This research was carried out at the English Literature Study Program, Bina Sarana Informatika University (UBSI) Jakarta, which was carried out in the odd semester of the 2025-2026 academic year. The research approach uses qualitative with a case study design. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documents. Data analysis consists of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The findings concluded that the primary difficulty for students learning English reading lies in interacting with the LMS to improve reading comprehension. Several challenges were identified in using an LMS in the classroom, including understanding linguistic context, pedagogical design features in the LMS, technical barriers to accessing the LMS, student reading and learning strategies, and the role of lecturers in interacting with students

Correlation of Environmental Vocabulary Mastery with News Text Writing Skills of Grade XI Students of SMA Negeri 2 Kinali

2026-01-24T15:54:57+00:00

This study aims to determine the correlation of environmental vocabulary mastery with writing skills of class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Kinali. This study was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Kinali on class XI students which was held in January 2026. The population in this study were all class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Kinali, totaling 169 people and the sample in this study were 34 class XI students taken using random sampling techniques. The instruments used in this study were objective and performance tests. The tool used to analyze the data was a correlational research formula assisted by Microsoft Excel. The mastery of environmental vocabulary in class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Kinali was in more than sufficient qualifications (75.08). The skills of writing news texts of class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Kinali were in good qualifications (76.72). Then the correlation of environmental vocabulary mastery with news text writing skills of class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Kinali was analyzed using the product moment formula. Based on the results of the correlation calculation, the value of rhitung> rtable was 0.944> 0.339. The correlation is positive, which means the relationship between the two variables is parallel, namely the higher the mastery of environmental vocabulary in students, the higher the students' news text writing skills. The results of the hypothesis test show that the t count (16.174) is greater than the t table (2.034). Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it is concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Acceptance of H1 can be interpreted that there is a significant relationship between environmental vocabulary mastery and news text writing skills of class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Kinali.

Ecranization of Novel Azzamine Adapted into a Film Azzamine Directed by Benni Setiawan

2025-12-21T07:13:27+00:00

This study aims to describe: 1) the ecranization of Sophie Aulia's novel Azzamine into the film Azzamine directed by Benni Setiawan on the elements of characters and characterization, plot, and setting reviewed from the aspect of reduction; 2) the ecranization of Sophie Aulia's novel Azzamine into the film Azzamine directed by Benni Setiawan on the elements of characters and characterization, plot, and setting reviewed from the aspect of addition; 3) the ecranization of Sophie Aulia's novel Azzamine into the film Azzamine directed by Benni Setiawan on the elements of characters and characterization, plot, and setting reviewed from the aspect of variation changes. The research instrument is a researcher or human instrument. The data of the ecranization of the novel into the film were analyzed using the theory of ecranization. The results of the ecranization of Sophie Aulia's novel Azzamine into the film Azzamine directed by Benni Setiawan: 1) There are 14 changes in the elements of character and characterization, 3 changes in the plot element in the middle stage of the climax and the final stage, and 3 changes in the setting element. (2) There are 5 additions in the elements of character and characterization, 5 additions in the plot element in the three stages of the introduction, middle stage, and final stage, and 3 additions in the setting element. (3) There are 3 changes in the elements of character and characterization, 2 changes in the plot element in the introduction stage and the middle stage of the complication, and 5 changes in the setting element.

A Representation of Multicultural Values in the Novel Si Anak Pemberani by Tere Liye

2026-01-30T12:30:32+00:00

This study aims to describe the representation of multicultural values in the novel Si Anak Pemberani by Tere Liye. The focus of the study is directed at four aspects of multicultural values, namely (1) solidarity and social brotherhood, (2) gender equality, (3) family values, and (4) respect for morals. This research uses a type of qualitative research with a literary anthropology approach. The source of research data is in the form of the novel Si Anak Pemberani by Tere Liye, while the research data is in the form of narrative quotes and dialogues that represent multicultural values. Data collection techniques are carried out through reading, listening, recording, and literature study techniques. Data analysis was carried out using a hermeneutic method to interpret the meaning of multicultural values contained in novel texts. The results of the study show that the novel Si Anak Pemberani represents the value of solidarity and social brotherhood through the attitude of mutual cooperation and the collective struggle of the village community in defending the environment. The value of gender eqity is displayed through the character of Eliana who is courageous, critical, and active against injustice. Family values are illustrated through harmonious relationships between family members and the community based on mutual care. Meanwhile, the value of respect for morals is reflected in respect for parents, self-control, and compliance with religious and social norms. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the novel Si Anak Pemberani not only functions as a children's literary work, but also as a medium of character education that instills multicultural values in the life of a pluralistic society.

Analysis of Spelling Errors in Official Letters by Grade VII Students of SMP Negeri 24 Padang

2026-01-14T23:43:42+00:00

This study aims to analyze errors in the use of capital letters and punctuation marks in official letters written by students. The focus of the study is on the forms, types, and frequency of spelling errors that appear in official letters as a type of formal text requiring linguistic accuracy. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method with documentation as the data collection technique. The data consisted of official letters written by students, obtained from the Indonesian language teacher. The data were then analyzed using content analysis techniques by identifying, classifying, and calculating errors in the use of capital letters and punctuation based on the rules of Indonesian Spelling (Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia). The results showed that there were 155 errors in the use of capital letters out of a total of 894 data points, accounting for 17.34%. In addition, 52 punctuation errors were found, representing 6.01% of the total data. The most dominant errors occurred in the writing of place names, the use of formal forms of address, and the formatting of letterheads. These findings indicate that students have not yet fully understood or applied the rules of Indonesian spelling in writing official letters. Therefore, continuous practice, habituation, and greater emphasis on spelling instruction in official letter writing activities are necessary to improve students’ written language skills, particularly in the accurate use of capital letters and punctuation marks.

Forms of Spelling Errors in Biography Texts of Grade X Students of SMA Negeri 1 Pancung Soal

2026-01-01T17:03:09+00:00

Writing in Indonesian has been taught from elementary school to high school. Spelling is one of the learning objectives, but many spelling errors are still found among high school students. This study aims to analyze spelling errors in biographical texts of 10th-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Pancung Soal. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. The research data, in the form of biographical texts written by fourteen 10th-grade students, were collected using library techniques. The data on spelling errors were analyzed qualitatively by identifying, classifying, and describing the types of spelling errors. The results showed that the most dominant spelling errors made by students were capitalization errors (38%), followed by punctuation errors (27%), compound word errors (21%), and loanword errors (14%). Spelling errors are caused by students' lack of understanding of Indonesian spelling rules and language habits that do not conform to standard rules. The results of this study are expected to be used as considerations for Indonesian language teachers in improving learning strategies for writing biographical texts with an emphasis on correct spelling.

Anthropolinguistic Mythological Study of Hamlet Names in Wonosari Distric

2026-02-10T09:27:57+00:00

The object of this research is the names of hamlets in Wonosari District, Boalemo Regency, which are examined through a mythological and anthropolinguistic approach. This research aims to (1) describe the origins of the hamlet names; (2) describe the meaning of the hamlet names; and (3) describe the mythological elements reflected in the hamlet names. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, note-taking, and recording. Data was obtained from community leaders, village elders, village heads, hamlet heads, and residents who knew the history and traditional stories related to the naming of hamlets. The results of the study show that of the 13 existing hamlets, only 5 have myths or origin stories that are still remembered by the community, namely Iloponu Hamlet, Olibuhu Hamlet, Oliyanuhe Hamlet, Botulontio Hamlet, and Ulintapo Hamlet. The origins of the hamlet names are generally related to natural elements, past events, and community beliefs, such as the existence of springs, certain trees, traditional fire-making techniques, and places considered sacred. Mythological analysis using the concept of Levi-Strauss’s mythome reveals that these natural elements become units of meaning that form the structure of the story and reflect the way of life of the Pangeya community, meanwhile, anthropolinguistic analysis shows that the naming of hamlets not only functions as a geographical identity, but also as a symbolic form that records cultural values, collective memory and the harmonious relationship between humans and nature. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the names of the hamlets in Pangeya Village contain profound cultural meaning, particularly related to local wisdom passed down through oral tradition. This research is expected to contribute to the development of anthropolinguistic studies, local mythology, and efforts to preserve regional culture in Gorontalo.