Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra

Subject-Object Positions in Women's Reporting: A Study of Gender Bias in iNews.com Online Media

Rahmadina Riftia Novianti — 2026-05-03

This study aims to describe the position of subject-object participants in women’s news coverage on iNews.com using Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis feminist stylistic model. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data sources are five iNews.com news texts published in the period June–October 2025. The research data are in the form of words, phrases/sentences, and paragraphs containing gender bias. The data collection technique is carried out through reading and note-taking techniques. At this stage, it is done by carefully reading the news from the iNews.com portal for the period June–October 2025 that presents women as the main subject or object and contains issues of gender and gender-based violence. After reading, the process of recording the data obtained is required. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, coding, analysis, presentation, and drawing conclusions based on Sara Mills’ analysis categories, namely the position of subject-object participants. The data validity technique uses a credibility test through extended observation, increased persistence, and discussions with linguistic researchers. The research results show that reporting about women on iNews.com contains gender bias, characterized by the dominance of women as passive and stereotypical news objects, the use of subordinating diction, and power relations that marginalize women. This indicates that reporting practices on iNews.com are not fully gender-sensitive and continue to reproduce gender inequality in media discourse.

Teachers’ Perspectives on Using Tory-Boo Animation Video in Teaching English Literacy to Young Learners

Zidni Ma'ruf — 2026-05-03

This study aims to explore teachers' perspectives on the use of the animated video Tory-Boo in teaching English literacy to early childhood learners. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Participants in this study were six English teachers who teach early childhood learners and have experience using animated videos in their classrooms. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide. All interview data were recorded and transcribed. The research data were analyzed and categorized into several themes. Member checking was also conducted to ensure the validity of the data. The results showed that teachers generally had a positive perspective on the use of the animated video Tory-Boo. The video was considered an engaging and effective learning medium that can increase student motivation, support vocabulary development, and enhance comprehension through visual and contextual input. In addition, the use of animated videos facilitated interactive and student-centered learning through various follow-up activities. However, several challenges were also identified, including technical constraints, classroom management, and the need to select content appropriate to students' language proficiency levels. This study suggests that animated videos can be a valuable tool in teaching English literacy when supported by appropriate pedagogical strategies.

Exploring Teachers' Strategies and Challenges in Enhancing Vocabulary Skills of Elementary School Students

Hernita Ratna Aulia — 2026-05-08

This study aims to explore: 1) vocabulary teaching strategies used by English teachers in elementary schools; 2) the implementation of vocabulary teaching strategies in classroom practices and activities; 3) the challenges faced by teachers in improving students' vocabulary skills. This study used a descriptive qualitative design with data collection through a questionnaire consisting of closed-ended and open-ended questions administered to six elementary school teachers. The participants of this study were six elementary school English teachers. They were selected using a purposive sampling technique, based on their experience in teaching English at the elementary school level. The selection of participants was intended to obtain relevant and context-specific insights into vocabulary teaching practices in elementary school classrooms. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns related to teachers' teaching practices, challenges, and solutions. The results of the study: 1) teachers tend to use interactive and visual-based strategies, namely flashcards, pictures, videos, and game-based activities to support vocabulary learning; 2) in teaching practices, vocabulary is introduced through visual representations and reinforced through repetition and practice; 3) teachers face several challenges, particularly limited exposure to English outside the classroom and constraints on students' learning motivation and attention. To address student motivational challenges, teachers employ various adaptive strategies, including creating a fun learning environment and employing a variety of methods. This research illustrates real-world classroom practices and emphasizes the importance of teacher creativity in vocabulary learning. Future research should involve more participants to obtain more comprehensive findings.

Root Words and Derived Words in Indonesian Language Textbooks for Grades 1 and 2: Morphological Study

Hanun Zahronida — 2026-05-05

This study aims to describe the use of root words and derived words in Indonesian language textbooks for grades 1 and 2 of elementary school and to compare them based on morphological analysis. The method used is quantitative with a descriptive-comparative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation techniques using the "listen, read, engage, and note-taking" technique for textbooks at both levels. Data analysis was carried out in two stages: descriptive analysis to describe the distribution of vocabulary based on word classes, number of occurrences, and morphological processes; and comparative analysis to compare the distribution of vocabulary between levels based on the number of entry names. The results show that the number of vocabulary items in the grade 1 elementary school textbooks reaches 6,357, while the grade 2 elementary school textbooks are 8,217. Based on the entry name analysis, the grade 1 elementary school textbook contains 858 words, consisting of 540 root words and 318 derived words. Meanwhile, the grade 2 elementary school textbook contains 1,353 words, consisting of 850 root words and 503 derived words. Comparisons between grades reveal differences in word count and variety, particularly in the use of root words and derived words, which are more prevalent in second-grade textbooks. This indicates an increase in linguistic complexity with increasing grade level. The study concludes that root words are more dominant than derived words in both first and second grades. This dominance of root words reflects the adaptation of language materials to the developmental stages of elementary school students' language skills at each grade.

A Review of Influential Ideology in the Praxis of English Language Education for Junior High School Students in Indonesia

Rizky Syahra Putri — 2026-05-05

Education is undoubtedly the most important pillar in the development of a society, while philosophy is a body of knowledge that analyzes theories of knowledge. Consequently, philosophy cannot be separated from education because both contain precise goals to be achieved through education, including English language education. This study aims to explore the characteristics of contemporary philosophy that are relevant to the practice of English language education in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach by conducting a systematic literature review to describe the ideologies that influence the practice of English language education in Indonesian Junior High Schools contained in online journal scientific articles. A total of ten online journal scientific articles were found and analyzed using a qualitative approach based on terms, statements, and paragraphs that describe the practice of English language education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that the characteristics of contemporary philosophy are relevant to the practice of English language education in Indonesia. To produce more convincing results, more longitudinal research is needed on the ideologies that influence English language education in Indonesia.

The Lexical Concept of ‘Negeri’ in Malay Proverbs: An Inquisitive Semantic Study

Siti Andriana — 2026-05-09

This study employs an inquisitive semantics approach, which remains relatively underutilized in linguistic studies in Indonesia. To date, research on Malay proverbs has tended to focus on the classification of meaning, function, and moral values, and has largely been limited to lexical and cognitive semantic analyses. Studies that specifically examine the rationale behind the selection of particular lexical items in proverbs—especially the word negeri - through an inquisitive semantics approach are still very limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore more deeply the meanings as well as the conceptual, cognitive, and cultural background underlying the use of the word negeri in Malay proverbs. Operationally, the data consist of Malay proverbs containing the lexicon negeri, obtained from the Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu and other relevant sources. The analysis is conducted using an inquisitive semantics approach through three stages: script semantics (lexical meaning based on the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia), cognitive semantics, and inquisitive semantics. In addition, the analysis considers metaphorical mapping between the source domain and the target domain to reveal the relationship between linguistic forms and their conceptual meanings. Data were collected using a note-taking technique and analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the word negeri in Malay proverbs functions not only as a geographical marker but also as a metaphor representing social concepts, collective identity, power, and the individual’s attachment to their community. The use of the word negeri reflects the Malay worldview regarding social order and the cultural values that underpin communal life.

Code Switching and Code Mixing in Maxwell Salvador's Oral Speech on YouTube: A Sociolinguistic Study

Faza Nur ‘Ashifa — 2026-05-05

This study aims to describe the forms and functions of code switching and code mixing in the spoken language of Maxwell Salvador Surya Atmaja on his YouTube channel. The method used in this study uses a sociolinguistic approach based on the code switching theory by Appel & Muysken and the code mixing theory by Muysken with a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data collection technique uses a listening, reading, and note-taking technique adapted to Creswell's data collection type, namely documents and audio-visual. The data analysis technique is carried out with stages according to Creswell, namely video transcription, data identification and classification, tabulation and codification, data analysis, and data presentation. The results of the study show that the forms of code switching found are Tag-switching and Intersentential-switching, while the forms of code mixing include Insertion, Alternation, and Congruent Lexicalization. The functions of code switching found are Referential Function, Directioe and Imaginary Function, and Expression Function. While the functions of code mixing include Referential Function, Directioe and Imaginary Function, Expression Function, and Phatic Function. The conclusion of this study shows that the use of code switching and code mixing occurs because the speech used by speakers is more flexible and unstructured so that it can trigger the emergence of language switching or mixing.

Students’ Strategies for Achieving Publication in SINTA-Accredited Journals

Hasnah Faizah — 2026-05-05

This study aims to identify and analyze students’ strategies in achieving publication in SINTA-accredited journals. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and digital documentation involving students who have experience in the scientific publication process. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that students’ strategies are integrated into three main stages: research planning, scientific writing, and the publication process. In the planning stage, students are publication-oriented from the beginning by selecting relevant topics and conducting intensive literature reviews. In the writing stage, students adapt their articles to journal templates, improve academic language skills, utilize reference management tools, and perform iterative revisions. In the publication stage, students understand the use of the Open Journal System (OJS), select journals that align with the scope, and respond constructively to reviewers’ comments. Additionally, this study identifies several challenges, including limited understanding of the publication system, publication costs, lengthy editorial processes, and mismatches in journal scope perception. Academic resilience emerges as a crucial factor in dealing with rejection and increasing the chances of publication success.

Representation of Social Criticism of Post-1965 Historical Reality in the Novel My Name is Alam by Leila S. Chudori

Sefia — 2026-05-05

This study aims to describe the representation of social criticism regarding the historical reality of the post-1965 era in Leila S. Chudori’s novel Namaku Alam. This study employs a qualitative method based on Alan Swingewood’s sociological approach to literature, which focuses on literature as a social document or a reflection of the times. The data source for this study is the novel Namaku Alam by Leila S. Chudori, published by Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia in 2023. The research data consists of dialogues, sentences, and paragraphs collected using documentation techniques and analyzed using hermeneutic techniques. The hermeneutic process involved the stages of identification, classification, codification, interpretation, and data presentation. The research findings indicate that the novel Namaku Alam represents a critique of the post-1965 historical reality through various repressive practices carried out by the state. First, state-sanctioned terror and persecution are represented through arbitrary arrests, forced disappearances, and intensive surveillance of individuals and families deemed to have ties to the PKI. Second, the manipulation of history is represented through the state’s control of historical narratives, whether through the construction of official history, public spaces, or the education system. Third, restrictions on freedom of expression are represented through pressure on academics and journalists, a strict licensing system, and the banning of book distribution. These findings indicate that the novel Namaku Alam serves not only as a work of fiction but also as a medium for social criticism that reflects the historical reality of post-1965 Indonesia.

Implicatures in the Film Home Sweet Loan by Director Sabrina Rochelle: Types and Functions

Rades Kasi — 2026-05-05

This study aims to describe the types and functions of implicature in the film Home Sweet Loan directed by Sabrina Rochelle. This film was selected as the object of the study because the dialogues among the characters contain many implied meanings that reflect social realities, economic pressures, and psychological conflicts experienced by young people. Implicatures in this film emerge through indirect communication related to the social, emotional, and relational contexts among characters, making it interesting to analyze using pragmatic studies. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. The data consist of utterances or dialogues among the characters in the film Home Sweet Loan that contain implicatures. The data were collected through observation and note-taking techniques by watching the film repeatedly and then transcribing relevant conversations. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by classifying the types and functions of implicature based on Grice’s implicature theory. The results of the study indicate that there are two types of implicature in the film Home Sweet Loan, namely conventional implicature and non-conventional implicature. Conventional implicatures are found in utterances whose implied meanings can be generally understood, while non-conventional implicatures appear in utterances that require an understanding of the social and emotional contexts of the characters. In addition, the functions of implicature identified include assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative functions. Thus, the use of implicature in the film Home Sweet Loan enriches communication, portrays the social realities of young people, and effectively conveys social messages. This study is expected to contribute to pragmatic studies, particularly implicature analysis in film media, and serve as a reference for students, researchers, and film practitioners in understanding the use of implicature as a communication strategy in film dialogue.

Gender-Based Language Variation in Everyday Conversation: Dell Hymess's Theory

Imroatul Munawaroh — 2026-05-05

This study aims to analyze language variations based on gender in everyday conversation, focusing on speaking style (key) and conversation topics (act sequence) based on Dell Hymes' theory. This research is based on the urgency of understanding differences in communication patterns between genders as part of the dynamics of social interaction in society. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the listening and speaking methods. This approach is used because the research data is in the form of oral speech that contains meaning, is influenced by social context, and shows variations in language use that cannot be expressed in numerical form. The listening method is used to obtain data by listening to the use of language conveyed by the speaker. Meanwhile, the speaking method is used to collect linguistic data through direct communication between researchers and informants in the form of conversations or dialogues. Data collection techniques include listening and speaking, recording, and note-taking. Data analysis is carried out through the techniques of selecting certain elements, linguistic analysis, qualitative analysis, and data interpretation. The results of the study indicate that there are differences in language variations between men and women. Men tend to use assertive, rational, and efficient language, while women are more expressive and collaborative. In the parent group, fathers used practical and solution-oriented language, while mothers were more communicative and expressive. These findings suggest that gender influences speaking style and topic choice in everyday interactions.

The Effect of Using Mentimeter Media in Learning to Improve News Text Comprehension in Grade XI Students

Ido Parningotan Sitinjak — 2026-05-05

Interactive and innovative learning media are essential in learning to achieve high learning outcomes. Mentimeter is a web-based presentation platform and application designed to create interactive presentations in real-time. This tool allows users to create polls, quizzes, word clouds, and question and answer sessions to increase student engagement in the classroom. This study aims to describe: 1) the results of the pre-test on the ability to understand news texts; 2) the results of the post-test on the ability to understand news texts; 3) the effect of Mentimeter media on learning the ability to understand news texts. The research method used is a quantitative method through a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. This study took place in the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa. The population of this study was 32 grade XI students who took the pre-test, learning to understand news texts using Mentimeter media, and took the post-test. The sample was determined at 30 based on a statistical formula; selected by simple random selection without replacement. Data on the ability to understand news texts were collected using a test instrument compiled based on objective indicators to produce test specifications for the ability to understand news texts as a basis for compiling test items. The data were analyzed using a one-sample t-test to achieve the first and second objectives. A paired sample t-test was used to determine the third learning objective. The use of the t-test can be justified because the homogeneity and normality tests were met. The results of the study: 1) the pre-test results of the ability to understand low-category news texts; 2) the post-test results of the ability to understand high-category news texts; 3) the mentimeter media had a significant effect on learning the ability to understand news texts.

Dysphemism in the Comments Column of the @democrazymedia News Account on Application X

Fikriyyah Atikah — 2026-05-05

This study aims to analyze the forms and functions of dysphemism in the comment section of the @democrazymedia news account on the X app. The study was conducted on the X social media platform, collecting data from the account’s comment section during the period from November to December 2025. The data in this study consists of 20 utterances containing dysphemism. The research instrument used was the researcher themselves, employing a read-and-record technique for data collection. Data analysis utilized a qualitative descriptive method with a semantic approach to identify the forms and functions of dysphemism. The results of the study indicate that there are 15 forms of dysphemism, namely figurative expressions, metaphors, re-modeling, circumlocution, clipping, ellipsis, abbreviations, acronyms, one word replacing another, general to specific, part for the whole, hyperbole, meaning beyond the statement, jargon, and colloquialisms. In terms of function, dysphemisms are used to convey things considered taboo or indecent, describe situations negatively, express criticism, belittle and mock, as well as exaggerate situations and hurl insults. The most dominant function is as a means of belittling and mocking.

Utilization of Audiovisual Media to Improve Vocabulary Comprehension of Deaf Children

Mutiara Ramadhan Nasution — 2026-05-05

Learning English remains a challenge for students in Indonesia, especially for deaf students who rely on visual input and often face limitations in conventional teaching methods. However, studies focusing specifically on the use of audiovisual media for deaf learners are still limited. Therefore, audiovisual media are considered an effective strategy to support vocabulary development. This study aims to examine how audiovisual media improve English vocabulary comprehension among deaf students. This research employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected through interviews, classroom observations, and documentation at a Special School (SLB) in Percut Sei Tuan, North Sumatra, involving deaf students who had studied English for one year. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis, and validity was ensured through data triangulation. The findings indicate that audiovisual media significantly improve students’ vocabulary comprehension, learning focus, and engagement, thus supporting inclusive educational practices.

Effect of Learning Using Digital Student Worksheets Assisted by Canva on the Writing Anecdotal Texts Skills

Edwin Samosir — 2026-05-11

This study aims to describe: 1) pre-test results of anecdotal text writing skills; 2) prost-test results of anecdotal text writing skills after participating in learning using digital student worksheets assisted by Canva media; 3) the effect of using Canva-based digital student worksheets on anecdotal text writing skills. This study uses a descriptive-quantitative method through a one-group pretest-posttest design which took place in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa. The population was the students of class XI of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa who participated in the pre-test of writing anecdotal texts, participated in learning the ability to write anecdotal texts using digital student worksheets assisted by Canva media, and finally took the post-test. They numbered 36 students. Based on Slavin's formula, a sample of 32 students was determined; selected by simple random sampling with a technique without replacement. Pre-test and post-test data on the ability to write anecdotal texts were collected using a performance test instrument with a take-home examination system. Data analysis was carried out using inferential statistics, namely one-sample t-test and paired sample t-test after the normality test and homogeneity test were fulfilled. The checklist is used to validate the results of the pre-test and post-test data scoring. Research results: 1) the pre-test results of anecdotal text writing skills are in the low category; the mean observation of 16.85 (60.19) turns out to be the same as the mean expectation of 17.36 which is equivalent to a standard score of 62.00 percent; 2) the post-test results of anecdotal text writing skills are in the high category; the mean observation of 22.06 (78.78) turns out to be the same as the mean expectation of 22.40 (80.00); 3) Canva-assisted digital student worksheets is proven to have a significant effect on anecdotal text writing skills.

Comparative Analysis of Language Style and Religious Values in the Text of Mahallul Qiyam Kitab Maulid Ad-Diba'i: A Stylistic Study

Rezky Latifah Nuraida — 2026-05-05

This study aims to analyze the use of comparative language styles in the Mahallul Qiyam text contained in the book Majmu'atul Maulid Wal Ad'iyah written by Imam Abdurrahman al-Diba'i and the religious values ??contained therein. As an approach, this study uses a stylistic approach with the applied method being a qualitative descriptive method. The main focus of this study includes the types of comparative language styles and also the religious values contained therein. The data sources in this study are verses in the Mahallul Qiyam text that contain elements of comparative language styles. The data collection technique is carried out through the listening and speaking technique with intensive reading of the text, while for data analysis, the distribution method is carried out through the direct element (BUL) technique to identify the tenor, vehicle, and meaning relationship. The results of the study indicate that there are comparative language styles such as tasybih, majaz, and personification. The application of these language styles not only plays a role as an aesthetic element, but also as a tool to convey religious values. Among the most prominent religious values are the values of faith, which relate to belief in the nobility of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and the values of morality and worship, which are part of its spiritual implications. Thus, the text of Mahallul Qiyam reflects the blend of linguistic beauty and profound religious meaning within the Islamic literary tradition.

Identity Formation of the Protagonist under Multicultural Influence in Mahdavi’s Ratu yang Bersujud

Ziana Fakhira — 2026-05-08

This study analyzes the process of identity formation of the main character through multicultural influences in the novel Ratu yang Bersujud by Mahdavi. The study was conducted through a literature study using descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques. The primary data sources used were novel text excerpts and secondary data came from formal objects in the form of data analysis and journal articles containing about the formation of women's identity and multiculturalism. The research population was the main character in the novel, while the data sample was determined through excerpts that describe the process of identity formation of the main character. The research instrument was the researcher herself with the help of a data recording sheet. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively qualitatively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the multicultural context influences the process of identity formation of the main female character through four stages, namely confusion, negotiation, declaration, and reinforcement, which show that female identity is dynamic and formed through the interaction of cultural values, religion, and social experiences. These stages of the identity process become a means for the main character to reconstruct her identity amidst the pressures of a multicultural environment. These findings contribute to the study of literary psychology, particularly in understanding the dynamics of individual identity formation influenced by multicultural experiences in contemporary Indonesian literature.

Myths of Masculine Identity and Local Traditions in Wadimor Sarong Advertisements: A Semiotic Analysis Based on Roland Barthes

Febriani Nirmawati Siagian — 2026-05-06

Studies on the construction of masculine identity myths rooted in local tradition within Indonesian cultural product advertisements remain searce. This study aims to analyze the construction of masculine identity myths and the representation of local tradition in the 2021 Sarung Wadimor advertisement using Roland Barthes’ three-level semiotic framework denotation, connotation, and myth. A descriptive qualitative method waz employed through textual observation and documentation of six advertisement scenes as units of analysis. The findings reveal three systematically operating myths: (1) a tradition-based masculinity myth that naturalizes the ideal Indonesian man as one deeply rooted in cultural heritage, (2) a religious masculinity myth that positions spiritual piety as a mandatory public component of Muslim masculine identity, and (3) a social nationalist masculinity myth that interpellates Indonesian men to percerve the choice of local products as a declaration of national pride. These three myths form a coherent ideological system through Barthes’ naturalization mechanism, transforming sarung from a mere textile product into an active medium for constructing masculine identity. This research demonstrates that advertisements not only promote products but also shape society’s perceptions of masculine identity, expanding the study of masculinity in Indonesian advertising by incorporating cultural and religious perspectives

Representation of Meaning Through the Stylistics of the Poems "Telaga", "Metamorfosa" and "Pohon Pisang" by Kusprihyanto Namma

Kristiana Rizqi Rohmah — 2026-05-06

The purpose of this study is to analyze the three poems of Kusprihyanto Namma using stylistic studies. This research is motivated by the content of Kusprihyanto Namma’s poems which have deep meanings, especially when studied using stylistic theory. Just like the three poems of Kusprihyanto Namma “Telaga” “Metamorfosa” and “Pantai Pisang” which contain a lot of diction, style of language and imagery. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with literature study so that the time and place of research are not available. The population and sample in this study are sentences in Kusprihyanto Namma’s poems entitled “Telaga”, “Metamorfosa” and “Pantai Pisang”. The research instrument used is the theory of diction, style of language and imagery. Data collection techniques by reading and taking notes. The data analysis technique uses stylistic studies. Stylistic studies are studies that interpret words or sentences. The results of the study show that there are diction, style of language and imagery in Kusprihyanto Namma’s poems. Diction includes descriptive, connotative, and concrete words. However, not every poem by Kusprihyanto Namma contains all three of these instruments. In “Telaga,” diction, figurative language, and imagery are fully represented. In “Metamorfosa,” diction and imagery are present. Meanwhile, in “Pantai Pisang,” diction and imagery are present. Although diction, imagery, and figure of speech are not fully represented, the meaning of Kusprihyanto Namma’s three poems is very significant. Good poetry is indeed poetry that has deep meaning, especially in the aspects of diction, figurative language, and imagery.

Religious Values and Filial Piety: The Short Story of the Shopper on Mother's Orders and the Relevance to Indonesian Language Learning

Saptiana Sulastri — 2026-05-09

An article titled “Religious Values and Filial Piety in the Short Story Tukang Belanja Suruhan Ibu and Its Relevance to Indonesian Language Education.” This study aims to describe the religious values and filial piety toward parents in the short story Tukang Belanja Suruhan Ibu by Silawati and to analyze its relevance to Indonesian language instruction in elementary schools. The object of the study is the text of the short story Tukang Belanja Suruhan Ibu. The population in this study is the entire text of the short story, while the sample consists of excerpts of dialogue and narration containing religious values and filial piety toward parents. The research instrument used was the researcher herself, assisted by a data recording sheet. Data collection was conducted through intensive reading and note-taking. Data analysis employed a qualitative descriptive method using a content analysis approach. The results of the study indicate the presence of religious values such as trustworthiness, honesty, and gratitude, as well as values of filial piety toward parents, including obedience, mutual aid, responsibility, and efforts to restore trust. These values are relevant for integration into Indonesian language education, particularly in children’s literary appreciation and the character development of students.

Resilience in J.S. Khairen’s Novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu: A Study of Max Weber’s Social Action

Khurun'in Rizki Az Zahra — 2026-05-10

Resilience is defined as an individual's psychological ability to adapt, survive, and bounce back from difficult situations, trauma, or significant stress. It's not just about surviving, but also about the process of recovery and becoming stronger after facing adversity. Resilient people are able to manage their emotions and remain productive. In Max Weber's perspective, social action is defined as behavior oriented towards certain goals, whether driven by individual or collective interests. This theory encompasses four main concepts, namely instrumental rationality, value rationality, traditional, and affective action. This study aims to describe the forms of resilience in the novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu by J.S. Khairen using Max Weber's theory of social action. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sociological literary approach. The research data comes from the novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu (2023) in the form of quotations that represent the resilience of the characters' social actions in an effort to break structural poverty. The research data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques using non-test instruments, namely observation guidelines. The research data were analyzed using objective hermeneutics. The results of the study indicate the existence of forms of resilience in Max Weber's four types of social action: instrumental rationality resilience, value rationality resilience, traditional action resilience, and affective action resilience, which are causally interrelated. The research conclusion confirms that these four forms of action are the basis for the resilience of the characters in the novel.

The Representation of Satirical Language in the Webtoon The Real Lesson: A Critical Discourse Analysis Based on Norman Fairclough’s Model

Waode Ciciyawati Muhtar — 2026-05-10

This study examines the representation of satirical language as a medium for social criticism in the webtoon The Real Lesson by Chae Yongtaek. This study was conducted as a literature review, utilizing primary data sources in the form of the webtoon text and secondary data sources from books, journals, and articles. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model. CDA, as theorized by Norman Fairclough, has three dimensions: text analysis, discourse practices, and sociocultural practices. The results of this study indicate that in the text analysis, the creator Chae Yongtaek, the writer of the webtoon The Real Lesson, employs four forms of irony manifested through negative-connoted diction, supported by transitive structures. In discourse practice, the satire is produced through intertextuality with real-life cases in South Korea, distributed via the Webtoon platform, and consumed through three decoding patterns: dominant, negotiated, and oppositional. In sociocultural practice, the satire represents social issues.

Representation of Power in Leila S. Chudori’s Novel Laut Bercerita: A Semiological Approcah by Roland Barthes

Muhammad Dzulfikar Putra Effendi — 2026-05-09

This research is motivated by the fact that Leila S. Chudori’s novel Laut Bercerita represents the history of the repressive power of the New Order through complex symbolic signs, requiring semiological theory to reveal the ideological meaning behind the text. This study aims to describe: (1) the denotative meaning of power, (2) the connotative meaning of power, (3) the mythical meaning of power, and (4) the representation of power in the novel. The method used is descriptive-qualitative with Roland Barthes’ semiological approach. The primary data source is the text of the novel Laut Bercerita. Data collection was done through close reading, while data analysis followed Barthes’ three stages of signification: identification of signs, analysis of denotation and connotation, and revelation of myth, which were then synthesized into a representation of power. The results indicate that power is represented through six main forms: (1) repression and surveillance, (2) systematic violence, (3) narrative control and propaganda, (4) psychological terror, (5) structures that monopolize the state, and (6) entities leaving permanent trauma. At the myth level, the novel dismantles the New Order’s grand narrative of stability and development by showing that power is built on systematic oppression and enforced disappearances. This study concludes that power in the novel is constructed through a sign system with literal denotative meanings and ideologically laden connotative meanings, forming myths of totalitarian power and counter-myths of resistance.

The Influence of the Flipped Classroom Model on Learning Biographical Text Writing Skills

Sri Revalina — 2026-05-09

The flipped classroom model is a pedagogical approach that reverses traditional teaching by delivering instruction—often online—outside of class, while moving homework and active learning, such as discussions and collaborative projects, into the classroom. This student-centered method allows learners to study at their own pace, improves engagement, and promotes deeper. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the flipped classroom learning model on the writing skills of biographical texts of class X students of SMA Negeri 5 Payakumbuh. This type of research is an experiment with the Quasi Experimental Design method. The research design used is Pretest-posttest Control Group Design. The population in this study were 150 class X students of SMA Negeri 5 Payakumbuh registered in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research sample used a purposive sampling technique, namely class X.E 4 experimental class totaling 38 students taught using the flipped classroom model and class X.E 2 control class totaling 37 students taught using project-based learning. The research instrument was a performance test of writing biographical texts. Data were analyzed using parametric inferential statistics, namely the independent sample t-test using SPSS. The results showed: 1) the skills of writing biographical texts taught using project-based learning in the control group only produced a mean of 11.27 which is equivalent to a standard score of 56.35 percent which is included in the low category; 2) the skill of writing biographical texts taught using the flipped classroom model in the treatment group produced a mean of 14.05 which is equivalent to a standard score of 70.25 percent which is included in the moderate category; 3) the flipped classroom model has a significant effect on learning the skill of writing biographical texts in class X of SMA Negeri 5 Payakumbuh compared to project-based learning.

The Meaning of the Lyrics of Gorontalo Regional Songs in Rizky Onefyt's Album: A Semiotic Study by Roland Barthes

Nurhalima Mangilo — 2026-05-10

This research is motivated by the declining interest of the younger generation in regional songs due to the dominance of popular music in the digital space, which has resulted in a diminished understanding of local cultural values. Gorontalo regional songs serve not only as entertainment but also as a medium for transmitting values, identity, and the community’s outlook on life. This study aims to describe the representation of Gorontaloan life in song lyrics and uncover their meanings through a semiotic study. This study uses a descriptive method with a Roland Barthes semiotic approach. The research data consists of song lyrics from Rizky Onefyt’s Gorontalo folk song album. The data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques, then analyzed by identifying signifiers and signifieds, and examining meaning at three levels: denotation, connotation, and myth. The research results show that at the denotative level, song lyrics represent the concrete realities of Gorontalo society, such as places, activities, and events. At the connotative level, meaning develops into emotional and cultural representations, such as longing, togetherness, conflict, and social relationships. At the mythical level, song lyrics reproduce naturalized social values, such as identity, loyalty, sacrifice, social roles, and views on life and migration. The lyrics of Gorontalo regional songs in Rizky Onefyt’s album serve not only as aesthetic expression but also as a representation of the socio-cultural life and ideology of the community. This research is expected to contribute to literary and cultural studies and support the preservation of regional songs as a form of local cultural identity.

Evaluating OutLoud!: A CEFR-Based Digital Game for EFL Speaking Instruction

Sulistya Ningrum — 2026-05-10

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a CEFR-based situational dialogue game, OutLoud!, in improving EFL learners’ speaking competence. The research was conducted at Goolin Indonesia, a non-formal English education institution in Palembang, over several instructional sessions. The population consisted of EFL learners enrolled in the institution, with a sample of 20 participants ranging from A2 to C1 proficiency levels. The study employed a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design. Data were collected using three instruments: a speaking test, a questionnaire, and classroom observation. The speaking test, administered before and after the intervention, assessed learners’ performance based on CEFR-aligned criteria, including fluency, grammatical accuracy, vocabulary, pronunciation, and interaction. The questionnaire used a 5-point Likert scale to measure learners’ engagement, motivation, and confidence, while observations were conducted to document participation and interaction during the learning process. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, including mean scores and percentage improvement, supported by qualitative observations. The results showed that learners’ speaking performance improved from a mean score of 62.40 in the pre-test to 75.50 in the post-test, indicating a 21% increase. In addition, questionnaire results revealed high levels of engagement (M = 4.32), motivation (M = 4.45), and confidence (M = 4.28). These findings suggest that the integration of CEFR, gamification, and situational dialogue in a digital game environment can effectively enhance speaking competence and create a positive learning experience in non-formal EFL contexts.