Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra

The English Curriculum Implementation Consistency: A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Schools in Burundi

Etienne Bikorimana — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Using a comparative, cross- sectional research design, this study explores the consistency of English curriculum implementation by comparing practices between urban and rural schools in Burundi. Different items were used to evaluate different aspects of teachers’ practices, including lessons preparation, curriculum implementation, teaching approaches, assessment, lesson adaptation, and availability of teaching and learning materials. To collect data, a likert scale questionnaire was administered to a population sample of 32 teachers (16 teachers from urban schools and 16 from rural schools). The collected data were treated by using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and an independent sample t-tests. The findings of the study reveal significant disparities between urban and rural schools. In fact, urban teachers scored higher on most items related to resources and curriculum support, while rural teachers scored comparably high on pedagogical practices and even higher in lessons adaptation. The results also indicate that items related to resources and curriculum support are the ones which constitute key differences between urban and rural schools while aspects related to pedagogical practices and lessons adaptation appear to be similar across the two contexts. The study finally recommends targeted resources allocation, support for rural teachers, policy interventions prioritizing rural schools to promote equal learning opportunities

Key words: English curriculum, curriculum implementation, urban school, rural school

Women's Oppression and Resistance in the Novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam by Dian Purnomo

Nadia Sari, Fitriani, Indriyana Uli — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the forms of women’s oppression, forms of women’s resistance, and explain the relevance of the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam by Dian Purnomo as a literature teaching material in high school. The study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analytical approach. Data were obtained from the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam and interviews with Indonesian language teachers of grade XII high school through documentation studies and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis uses the interactive model of Miles and Huberman which includes data reduction, data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, while the validity of the data is tested through triangulation of theory and investigators. The results of the study show that women’s oppression includes subordination, marginalization, violence, and gender stereotypes, while women’s resistance is manifested in the form of open and closed resistance. The results of the interviews indicate that this novel is relevant as a literature teaching material in high school because it is able to foster critical thinking skills, empathy, and awareness of gender equality and is in accordance with Indonesian language learning for grade XII based on the 2013 Curriculum.

Humans, Nature, and Mysticism in Fajar Aditya’s Novel Hilang Dalam Sekapan Semeru: A Study of Literary Ecocriticism

Rido Hernadi, Onok Yayang Pamungkas, Eko Sri Israhayu, Akhmad Fauzan — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the representation of the relationship between humans and nature, the representation of the relationship between mysticism and nature, the interaction of humans with mysticism, and the value of environmental ethics education in the novel Hilang dalam Dekapan Semeru by Fajar Aditya. The study was conducted in June–July 2026 with the object of research being the novel Hilang dalam Dekapan Semeru. The research data source is the novel Hilang dalam Dekapan Semeru by Fajar Aditya, while the research data are in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that contain representations of the relationship between humans, nature, mysticism, and the value of environmental ethics education. The research instrument is the researcher himself with the help of data cards as supporting instruments. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literary ecology approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through reading and note-taking techniques, while data analysis uses an interactive analysis model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that there are four main categories, namely (1) representation of the relationship between humans and nature shown through human dependence, respect, and adaptation to the environment; (2) representation of the relationship between mysticism and nature that depicts nature as a sacred space that has a spiritual dimension; (3) human interaction with mysticism, which demonstrates the characters’ changes in attitude, becoming more religious and appreciative of nature after experiencing mystical events; and (4) the educational values of environmental ethics, which include maintaining cleanliness, adhering to climbing rules, respecting nature, and fostering a caring and mutually supportive attitude.

Effectiveness of the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge Approach Using Canva Media in Teaching Anecdote Writing Skills

Nurdin, Sri Mulyanti, Aan Hasanah — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe: 1) the pre-test mean score for anecdotal text writing skills; 2) the post-test mean score for anecdotal text writing skills; and 3) the effectiveness of the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPCK) approach using Canva media in improving learning outcomes regarding anecdotal text writing skills—specifically transitioning from linear narrative to multimodal literacy. The study employed a quantitative descriptive method via a quasi-experimental design (specifically, a one-group pre-test-post-test design) conducted during the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year with Grade X students at SMK Vancanitty. The study population consisted of 26 Grade X students who participated in the pre-test, the instruction on anecdotal text writing skills (transitioning from linear narrative to multimodal literacy) using the TPCK approach with Canva media, and the post-test. A sample of 25 students was determined using a statistical formula and selected via simple random sampling without replacement. Data on learning outcomes regarding anecdotal text writing skills (transitioning from linear narrative to multimodal literacy) were collected using a test instrument. Pre-test and post-test data were analyzed using inferential statistics (specifically, a one-sample t-test), while data regarding the effectiveness of the approach and learning media were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test. The research results indicate: 1) the pre-test mean score for anecdotal text writing skills fell into the low category; 2) the post-test mean score for anecdotal text writing skills fell into the low category; and 3) the use of the TPCK approach via Canva media proved effective in improving learning outcomes for anecdotal text writing skills (transitioning from linear narrative to multimodal literacy), as the t-test yielded a significance value of 0.00 (p < 0.01).

Instructional Design for Impactful Arabic Speaking Instruction Through AI-Assisted Learning and a Deep Learning Approach

Rifda Haniefa, Siti Masyitoh, Samsi Setiadi, Muhammad Kamal, Puti Zulharby — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to develop an instructional design for impactful Arabic speaking instruction through AI-Assisted Learning and a Deep Learning approach. The study was conducted at the Arabic Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, during the 2025/2026 academic year. The population consisted of first-year students enrolled in the Kalam lil Mubtadi' course, with a sample of 50 students selected for the needs analysis. This study employed the Design and Development Research (DDR) model, focusing on the analysis and design phases. Data were collected using questionnaires, classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. Quantitative data from the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages, while qualitative data from observations, interviews, and document analysis were analyzed through data reduction, categorization, and interpretation to identify instructional requirements. The results produced an instructional design framework that systematically integrates Course Learning Outcomes (CPMK), the Deep Learning phases of Understanding, Applying, and Reflecting, AI-Assisted Learning as a pedagogical learning partner, Story-Based Learning as a contextual learning environment, and authentic assessment into a coherent instructional system. The framework was implemented through an interactive digital module that provides contextual learning experiences, AI-assisted speaking practice, reflective learning activities, and authentic speaking projects to support impactful Arabic speaking instruction.

Development of a Gemini AI-Based Learning Medium with Structured Feedback for Speech-Text Writing

Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to develop a Gemini AI-based learning medium with structured feedback to improve the writing achievement of speech texts among eighth-grade junior high school students. The study was conducted in the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year at SMP Budi Murni 2 Medan, using a Research and Development approach with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research subjects consisted of two content experts, two media experts, one eighth-grade Indonesian language teacher, and 30 eighth-grade students as questionnaire respondents and writers of the speech texts analyzed through the medium. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, observation and interview guidelines, and writing tests, then analyzed descriptively using qualitative and quantitative techniques, with Likert-scale scores converted into percentages. The results show that the resulting product is a web-based learning medium accessible at https://mrdatoai.my.id/, consisting of four main menus (Home, Materials, Sample Speeches, Practice) with a three-stage writing flow (Initial Text, Revision, Final Text), each accompanied by automatic feedback based on a seven-aspect assessment rubric. The medium is categorized as Highly Feasible (average 89.55%) and very high (average 89.9%), supported by writing achievement that increased gradually from 74.83 to 88.47 and classical mastery from 40.00% to 83.33%. The medium is declared valid and practical for use as a supporting alternative for teaching speech-text writing in eighth grade.

Development of Syllable Adventure Media for Vocabulary Learning ini Grade 1 of Elementary School

Elfanni Rieka Syahputri, Isna Khuni Mu'alimah, Widyarnes Niwangtika — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this research and development is to produce a Syllable Adventure Media that is feasible and effective in facilitating the vocabulary mastery needs of early-grade students. The time and place of this field research was conducted at UPT SDN Kalipucung 03, Sanankulon, Blitar Regency, East Java Province, within a nine-month period from October 2025 to June 2026. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) by applying the ADDIE development model (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate). The population and sample for the field testing involved 13 first-grade students of UPT SDN Kalipucung 03. The research instruments and data collection tools used included non-test instruments consisting of validation sheets from material experts, media experts, and learning practitioners, as well as test instruments in the form of oral performance tests with a pre-test and post-test scheme. The data analysis technique used a combination of descriptive statistical percentage analysis to measure product validity and inferential statistics through the calculation of the Normalized Gain (N-Gain) score assisted by SPSS software. The results showed that the Syllable Adventure Media was declared highly valid, with feasibility percentages of 100% from material experts and 92% from media experts. Furthermore, this media proved to be highly effective in significantly increasing students’ vocabulary mastery, as demonstrated by a sharp increase in the total score from 970 (pr-test) to 1,255 (posttest) and an average N-Gain score of 0.86, which falls into the high category.

An Analysis of Appositive Phrases in Observation Report Texts by 8th-Grade Students at SMP Deli Murni Diski

Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to describe the forms, functions, and accuracy of appositive phrase usage in observation report texts written by eighth-grade students of SMP Deli Murni Diski. The study was conducted at SMP Deli Murni Diski during the 2024/2025 academic year. The population consisted of all observation report texts produced by eighth-grade students, while the sample comprised 69 observation report texts selected using a total sampling technique. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The researcher served as the primary research instrument, supported by a data analysis sheet developed based on the indicators of the forms, functions, and accuracy of appositive phrase usage. Data were collected through documentation techniques and analyzed using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, linguistic analysis, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the use of appositive phrases in the students’ observation report texts was very limited. Of the 69 texts analyzed, only one contained an appositive phrase, namely Kucing Peliharaan. The phrase consists of two noun phrases referring to the same entity, with Kucing peliharaan functioning as the head phrase and kucing peliharaan as the explanatory phrase. The appositive phrase was used accurately because it fulfilled the characteristics of an appositive construction. Meanwhile, most of the texts did not contain appositive phrases and instead relied on definitional, classificatory, and descriptive sentences to present information about the observed objects. These findings indicate that students’ ability to use appositive phrases in observation report writing has not yet developed optimally.

Development of a Fantasy Story-Based Interactive E-Book to Improve Student Literacy

Susanti, Aqis Yuliansyah, Fitri Wulansari — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to develop an interactive e-book based on fantasy stories to improve literacy. The study employs the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which comprises the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research was conducted during the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year at SMP Negeri 10 Sungai Kakap. The research subjects were 31 students from class VII C at the school. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, student response questionnaires, and literacy tests (pre-test and post-test). Each research instrument was developed using objective and systematic procedures. The research data underwent external validation by media, subject matter, and language experts. The results indicate that the interactive e-book received validation scores of 80% from media experts, 80% from subject matter experts, and 78.67% from language experts, placing it in the "feasible" category. Student responses yielded a score of 89.61%, falling into the "highly practical" category. Effectiveness test results showed an N-Gain score of 0.70, indicating a high level of effectiveness. Thus, the fantasy story-based interactive e-book is both feasible and effective for improving student literacy.

Inferiority and Superiority of the Character Vera in the Novel Jobin by Pidi Baiq: An Alfred Adler Psychological Study

Maulida Laili Rohmah, Laila Tri Lestari, Khoirul Huda — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research is motivated by the complex personality of the character Vera in Pidi Baiq’s novel Jobin, which reveals the dynamics between feelings of inferiority and the drive to achieve superiority, as explained in Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology theory. The study focuses on the forms of inferiority and superiority exhibited by Vera and the interconnection between these two aspects in shaping her personality development. The research aims to describe the manifestations of Vera’s inferiority and superiority from the perspective of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology. A qualitative descriptive method with a literary psychology approach was employed. The data source is the novel Jobin by Pidi Baiq, while the research data consists of narratives, dialogue, and actions by Vera that reflect her psychological state. Data were collected through intensive reading, note-taking, and the classification of relevant excerpts, followed by analysis using a qualitative model involving data reduction, data presentation, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that Vera experiences feelings of inferiority—influenced by life experiences, emotional conflicts, and social relationships—which give rise to self-doubt. However, this condition acts as a catalyst for various forms of compensation, reflected in her courage to make decisions, her adaptability, and her efforts to maintain self-esteem and develop her potential. The findings confirm that inferiority and superiority are interconnected aspects in shaping Vera’s personality development, consistent with the concepts of Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology.

Development of Interactive Digital Teaching Materials to Support the Integration of Literacy and Numeracy in Learning for Writing Procedure Texts

Andri Triyono, Sri Mulyanti, Aan Hasanah — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Improving the quality of basic education requires learning that is able to integrate literacy and numeracy meaningfully. Indonesian language learning has the opportunity to develop both competencies through the activity of writing procedural texts that contain numerical information in the context of daily life. The reality in the field shows that students still have difficulty in compiling procedural texts sequentially, while teachers need more interactive learning media to support the learning process. This research aims to develop interactive digital teaching materials to support the integration of literacy and numeracy in learning to write procedural texts in elementary schools. The research uses the Design and Development Research approach with the ADDIE model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 66 grade V students from three elementary schools and three grade V teachers. Data was collected through needs questionnaires, validation sheets, observations, and user response questionnaires. The results of the needs analysis show a high need for interactive learning media with a percentage of 93.52%. The product developed obtained a validity level of 86.67% with a very feasible category. The results of the practicality test showed a percentage of 81.25% in teachers with the practical category and 93.44% in students with the very practical category. These findings show that the interactive digital teaching materials developed are feasible and practical to support the integration of literacy and numeracy in Indonesian language learning in elementary schools.

From The Other to Transcendence: Representation and the Existential Struggle of Female Characters in Novel The Women by Kristin Hannah

Lia Amelia, Anisa Ulfah, Sariban — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perjalanan eksistensial tokoh perempuan dalam novel the women karya kristin Hannah menggunakan teori feminisme eksistensialis Simone de Beauvoir. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada representasi perempuan sebagai the other, bentuk immanence yang membatasi kebebasan tokoh perempuan, dan bentuk transcendence yang menunjukan perjuangan perempuan memperoleh eksistensinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan kritik feminisme sastra. Data penelitian berupa narasi dan dialog dalam novel yang menunjukkan perjalanan tokoh perempuan dalam menghadapi sistem patriarki. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka dan baca-catat, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan secara interpretatif berdasarkan konsep the Other, immanence, transcendence, kebebasan, dan tanggung jawab menurut Simone de Beauvoir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh perempuan pada awalnya direpresentasikan sebagai the Other melalui berbagai bentuk subordinasi dan marginalisasi yang menempatkan mereka dalam kondisi immanence. Namun, melalui keberanian mengambil keputusan, menunjukkan kompetensi, serta mempertahankan otonomi diri, tokoh perempuan mampu bergerak menuju transcendence dan membangun eksistensinya sebagai subjek yang bebas dan bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa novel The Women merepresentasikan perjuangan perempuan untuk memperoleh pengakuan atas identitas dan eksistensinya di tengah struktur patriarki.

Discourse on Power Regarding Threats Against Female Journalists in Tempo.co Media Coverage

Mutmainnah Huntala, Dakia N. Djou, Ulfa Zakaria — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework, this study examines how power discourse is constructed across textual structures, discursive practices, and socio-cultural practices in the case of threats against female journalists reported by Tempo.co. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method. The primary data sources consist of diction choices, sentence structures, metaphors, and news narratives extracted from reports published on Tempo.co between March and July 2025. Data collection was carried out through a documentary technique involving close reading and note-taking, while data analysis utilized Fairclough’s three-dimensional CDA framework. The findings reveal that: (1) At the textual structure level, power discourse is manifested through the use of resistance diction, a mix of active-passive sentence structures to shift the focus of aggression, and dehumanizing surveillance metaphors; (2) Discursive practices highlight a tactical news production process by the editorial team to construct political causal relationships, alongside fragmented text consumption split between the ideological resistance of digital readers and institutional support; (3) Socio-cultural practices reflect the influence of national political momentum surrounding the revision of the TNI Law, a legitimacy crisis within state apparatus institutions, and the strengthening of professional journalist alliances amidst a pervasive culture of impunity.

A Semiotic Analysis of Gus Mus’s Poems Kaum Beragama Negeri Ini and Selama Ini di Negerimu: A Roland Barthes Perspective

Fitri Diva Saskia MR. Binol, Herson Kadir, Zilfa Achmad Bagtayan — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the denotative, connotative, and mythic meanings in the poems Kaum Beragama Negeri Ini and Selama Ini di Negerimu by Ahmad Mustofa Bisri, utilizing Roland Barthes' semiotic framework. The research data consist of words, phrases, and sentences from both poems that embody denotative, connotative, and mythic meanings. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collection involving the reading, comprehension, and recording of poem segments containing semiotic signs. Data analysis was conducted by identifying signs, classifying the data, and subsequently analyzing meanings based on Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The results indicate that both poems by Gus Mus contain denotative, connotative, and mythic meanings related to social criticism and humanity. The denotative meaning reflects the literal sense of the words used, while the connotative meaning reveals criticisms regarding religious fanaticism, poverty, social injustice, and the erosion of human values within society. Furthermore, the mythic meaning in both poems highlights social perspectives accepted as natural by the public—such as the notion that religious symbols outweigh human values, or the view of poverty as a commonplace aspect of social life. Through the use of simple symbols, Gus Mus successfully conveys profound moral messages and social critiques regarding the reality of life in Indonesian society.

Gendered Perspectives: Ibuism in Indonesian English Education Textbooks

Susanto , Dwi Aryo Fajar, Difa Amini — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines how Ibuism ideology influences gender representation in Indonesian primary school English textbooks. Ibuism, an ideology that emerged during Indonesia’s New Order era, promotes traditional, domestic roles for women under male authority, limiting their societal roles to caregivers and mothers. Despite ongoing social developments, Ibuism remains influential, reinforced by state programs such as the PKK (Family Welfare Empowerment). Content analysis was employed to explore how textbooks for Grades 1 through 4 depict women and men in gendered roles, with findings indicating that female characters are frequently portrayed in domestic, nurturing roles, while male characters are depicted as providers and authority figures. The analysis strongly supports the notion that Ibuism ideology permeates educational content, reinforcing traditional gender roles and limiting women's representation by emphasizing their value through domestic contributions and positioning them in supportive roles subordinate to men. These findings highlight the critical role of educational materials in transmitting cultural and political ideologies, perpetuating systemic gender inequalities with significant global implications. The study underscores the universal challenge of addressing ideological bias in curricula and calls for international efforts to promote gender-sensitive curriculum development to foster equity. By revealing how deeply embedded ideologies shape societal norms through education, this research contributes to discussions on gender representation in educational resources and provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers working toward inclusive and equitable education systems

The Effect of Using Spotify as a Digital Audio Storytelling on Listening Comprehension for Senior High School Students

Istnaini Lailatul Fadlilah, Zainul Aminin — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Spotify as a digital audio storytelling tool on high school students’ listening comprehension and to identify which aspect of listening comprehension showed the most significant improvement following the implementation of Spotify. This study employed quantitative approach through an experimental method. The specific experimental design used was a pre-experimental design involving pre-test and post-test on a single group. Conducted in a high school with 34 tenth-grade students, this study had five sessions: a preliminary test, three sessions of intervention, and a final test. The researchers used tests to collect data, which was then analyzed using a Paired Sample t-Test, followed by an effect size calculation to determine the impact. The results showed significant improvement in students’ listening comprehension scores (p < .001) as well as a moderate effect size (d = 0.60). Additionally, the results indicated that the details aspect improved by a mean gain of 5.29, while the main ideas aspect improved by 2.71 and the inferences aspect by 1.88. Therefore, Spotify had a beneficial effect on students’ listening comprehension when used as a digital audio storytelling medium, with the detail’s aspect showing the greatest improvement.

The Representation of Women in the Novel Cinta di Dalam Gelas by Andrea Hirata: A Liberal Feminist Study

Surya Hutapea, Sri Mulyanti, Aan Hasanah — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research is motivated by the importance of literature education that goes beyond mere appreciation of the work itself; it should also foster students' awareness of various social issues, including gender equality. The novel Cinta di Dalam Gelas by Andrea Hirata was selected because it depicts various forms of gender injustice and the struggles of women to achieve equality. This study aims to describe the forms of gender injustice and the nature of women's struggles from a liberal feminist perspective. A qualitative approach utilizing descriptive analysis was employed. The primary data source is the novel Cinta di Dalam Gelas by Andrea Hirata, with data collected through reading and note-taking techniques. Data analysis involved the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the forms of gender injustice present in the novel include marginalization, subordination, stereotyping, and patriarchy. Meanwhile, women's struggles are represented through efforts regarding education, economic freedom, public participation, equal civil rights, and resistance against patriarchy. The character Maryamah (Enong) is portrayed as a woman striving for equal opportunities and rights through education, economic independence, and involvement in the public sphere—an arena traditionally dominated by men. The research findings were subsequently developed into a gender-sensitive teaching module for review texts, designed in accordance with the Kurikulum Merdeka (Independent Curriculum) and incorporating a growth mindset approach and the Problem-Based Learning model. Thus, the novel Cinta di Dalam Gelas serves as a representation of various forms of gender injustice while simultaneously illustrating women's struggles to attain equality.

Expressive Speech Acts of Talk Show of Curhat Bang Denny Sumargo: A Pragmatic Approach

Moh. Yusuf H. Ibrahim, Asna Ntelu, Nuramila — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze and describe the types and functions of expressive speech acts found in the Curhat Bang Denny Sumargo Talk Show (June 2025 edition) and to examine their relevance to Indonesian language learning in schools.This study employed a pragmatic approach using a descriptive qualitative research design. The data consisted of utterances and conversations containing expressive speech acts in the Curhat Bang Denny Sumargo Talk Show, June 2025 edition. The data were collected through documentation, observation, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis was conducted in three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that four types of expressive speech acts were identified, namely 22 instances of compliments, 9 instances of criticism, 6 instances of apologies, and 7 instances of expressions of gratitude. In terms of their functions, the study identified 21 referential functions, 23 emotive functions, 2 conative functions, 2 metalingual functions, and 7 phatic functions. These findings demonstrate that expressive speech acts serve various communicative purposes in interpersonal interactions. Furthermore, the findings are relevant to Indonesian language learning for Grade 10 senior high school students, particularly the Learning Outcomes (Capaian Pembelajaran/CP) for Phase E in the listening element. Accordingly, the identified expressive speech acts can be utilized as authentic teaching materials to support students in understanding language use in real-life communication. In conclusion, the study identified four types and five functions of expressive speech acts in the Curhat Bang Denny Sumargo Talk Show (June 2025 edition). The findings also confirm their relevance to Indonesian language learning at the Grade 10 senior high school level, particularly in achieving the Phase E Learning Outcomes for the listening element. Therefore, the findings may serve as authentic instructional resources to enhance students’ listening comprehension, pragmatic competence, and ability to analyze the meanings and functions of utterances in communicative contexts.

Politeness Principles in the Interaction of Students at SMP Negeri 3 Ketapang: Pragmatics Study

Meftahul Janah, Netty Yuniarti, Herlina — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the forms of politeness maxims, the forms of their violations, and the factors influencing maxim violations in the utterances of students at SMP Negeri 3 Ketapang outside classroom hours. The study was conducted in May 2026 through two observation sessions in the school corridor and canteen, using a qualitative descriptive approach. The research subjects were seven seventh- and eighth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and a voice recorder, then analyzed interactively through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that most forms of politeness maxim application were evident in students’ interactions, although a few utterances were not yet fully polite. Violations were found in three maxims tact, approbation, and modesty with more violations occurring in the canteen than in the corridor. Contributing factors include differences in cultural and linguistic backgrounds, informal and playful interaction contexts, differences in social status or age among students, and the use of slang. These findings indicate that politeness norms are reasonably internalized, yet contextual and ongoing language development remains necessary in multicultural school environments.

Exploring the Use of 3D Clay Art in English Vocabulary Teaching for Students with Intellectual Disabilities

Keryn Syarifatul Laili, Henny Dwi Iswati, Machmudah — Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Learning English vocabulary poses a significant challenge for students with intellectual disabilities due to their cognitive limitations, short attention spans, and difficulties in recognizing letter symbols. This study aims to describe how 3D clay art is integrated into English vocabulary teaching, explore students' responses and learning experiences, and identify the challenges encountered during its implementation. A qualitative case study design was employed, involving 10 elementary school students with intellectual disabilities and one English teacher at SLB Putra Mandiri Surabaya. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that the integration of 3D clay art followed three systematic stages: vocabulary introduction and creation of 3D boards, reading and writing practice (by tracing tactile clay letter outlines), and vocabulary understanding practice through realia association. Students exhibited positive verbal and non-verbal responses, showing high enthusiasm, visual-tactile engagement, social interaction, and creativity in choosing colors.

Beyond Academic Integrity: A Human Security Analysis of Generative AI Use in University Students’ Academic Writing

Fri, 18 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze students' use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in academic writing through the lens of human security. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing data from 60 open-ended questionnaire responses and 35 semi-structured interviews, analyzed using the Framework Method. The findings indicate that students use GenAI for idea development, drafting, language refinement, information seeking, and material comprehension; key benefits include time efficiency, ease of task completion, and support for writing skill development. Questionnaire and interview data also revealed vulnerabilities regarding information reliability, privacy, access inequality, dependency, cognitive autonomy, creativity, authorship, and the clarity of institutional policies. The study concludes that the use of GenAI requires management through information verification, data protection, independent thinking, transparency, AI literacy, and clear institutional guidelines. Therefore, AI governance in higher education should shift from a compliance-oriented approach to a student-centered framework that balances technological benefits, security, equitable access, and academic autonomy.

Utilization of Educational News Broadcasts on the CNN Indonesia YouTube Channel as Learning Media for News Listening in Senior High Schools

Sofiatul Mutmainah, Suadi, Ilmiyatur Rosidah — Sun, 20 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the use of educational news broadcasts on the CNN Indonesia YouTube Channel as instructional media for teaching news listening to identify accurate and up-to-date information. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method with a pragmatic approach. The data consisted of utterances containing implicatures in educational news broadcasts on the CNN Indonesia YouTube Channel. Data were collected through observation and note-taking and analyzed using Grice's (1975) Cooperative Principle and Levinson's submaxims (as cited in Cummings, 2007). The findings reveal that the news broadcasts are predominantly characterized by adherence to the Cooperative Principle, enabling information to be conveyed in a relevant, factual, and comprehensible manner. These findings were integrated into listening instruction through the development of handouts and student worksheets focusing on identifying accurate and up-to-date information. Therefore, educational news broadcasts on the CNN Indonesia YouTube Channel can serve as contextual instructional media to enhance students' listening skills, critical thinking, and understanding of both explicit and implied meanings.

Enhancing Students’ Understanding of Indonesian Spelling through Project-Based Learning Based on Language Error Analysis in Their Surrounding Environment

Sat, 19 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the improvement of students’ understanding of Indonesian spelling through Project Based Learning (PjBL) based on language error analysis in the surrounding environment. This research used a qualitative descriptive approach involving 23 second-semester students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting Study Program at IAIN Datuk Laksemana Bengkalis. Data were collected through students’ reflection reports and analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results showed that project-based learning improved students’ understanding of capitalization, word writing, punctuation, and loanwords. Students also became more aware of the proper use of Indonesian in their surroundings. In addition, project-based learning was considered more interesting and contextual because students were directly involved in observation, analysis, and the creation of educational videos.

The Use of Local Wisdom-Based Audio-Visual Media to Improve Poetry Writing Skills Among Grade X Students at SMK PGRI 2 Cianjur

Mega Afriyanti, Sri Mulyanti, Aan Hasanah — Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of audio-visual media based on local wisdom on improving poetry writing skills in class X students. The method used is a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. This research was conducted during the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year at SMK PGRI 2 Cianjur. The research subjects consisted of two classes, namely the experimental class that used audio-visual media based on local wisdom and the control class that used conventional media. The research population was 30 class X students who took the pretest and posttest on their ability to write poetry. There were 14 students in the control group and 16 students in the treatment group. The sample was determined to be 28 students based on a statistical formula drawn at simple random using a non-replacement technique. Data collection techniques were carried out through tests (pretest and posttest). Data analysis used statistical tests to determine differences in learning outcomes between the two groups. The results showed that there was a significant increase in students’ poetry writing skills in the experimental class compared to the control class. This was indicated by the higher average posttest score of the experimental class and the results of statistical tests that showed a significant difference. The use of audio-visual media based on local wisdom was proven to be able to increase learning motivation, enrich imagination, and help students in choosing diction and developing ideas more creatively. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the use of audio-visual media based on local wisdom is effective in improving the poetry writing skills of class X students.

Analysis of Indonesian Spelling in Narrative Composition of Grade IV Elementary School Students

Gustin Nur Asrianti, Hendri Marhadi, Eva Astuti Mulyani — Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Spelling is an important element in writing because it plays a role in maintaining the accuracy of meaning, clarity of structure, and readability of a sentence. The ability to use correct spelling needs to be possessed by students since elementary school so they are able to produce writing that is in accordance with Indonesian language rules. However, in learning practice, spelling errors are still often found in students’ writing. These errors include the use of letters, word spelling, punctuation, and loan elements. This condition indicates that students’ understanding and application of Indonesian spelling rules are not yet fully consistent. This study aims to describe the use of Indonesian spelling in narrative essays of fourth-grade elementary school students based on the Indonesian Spelling (EYD) Edition V. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research subjects were 33 fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 147 Pekanbaru. Research data were obtained through narrative essay writing tests and interviews with students and class teachers to strengthen the findings. Data were analyzed through the stages of identification, classification, and description of errors based on aspects of letter usage, word spelling, punctuation, and loan elements. The results of the study indicate that the use of Indonesian spelling in students’ narrative essays is still not fully in accordance with applicable rules. The most common errors were capitalization, prepositional spelling, and punctuation, including periods and commas. Meanwhile, relatively few errors were found in loanwords. The findings of this study indicate that students have grasped basic spelling rules, but still require reinforcement through ongoing learning and writing practice to ensure consistency.

The Role of Social Media in Digital Literacy and Reading Interest of SMP Telekomunikasi Pekanbaru Students

Kholizah Panggabean — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe and analyze the role of social media in students’ digital literacy and reading interest at SMP Telekomunikasi Pekanbaru. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. It was conducted at SMP Telekomunikasi Pekanbaru during the 2025/2026 academic year, while data collection was carried out from April to May 2026. The participants consisted of five students and one Indonesian Language teacher who served as a triangulation informant. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Data credibility was examined through source triangulation and technique triangulation. The findings indicate that social media contributes to students’ digital literacy through access to learning information, information evaluation, understanding and use of digital media, digital content creation, and digital ethics. Its role is most visible in information access and content creation, whereas students’ ability to evaluate information credibility and apply digital ethics still requires guidance. Regarding reading interest, social media provides access to digital reading materials and encourages reading based on students’ interests. Nevertheless, reading frequency and duration vary among students, and preferred materials tend to include fiction, comics, short stories, articles, light news, and other digital content related to personal interests. The findings also show that school literacy activities remain important in strengthening students’ reading habits.

Implementation of YouTube-Assisted Narrative Writing Instruction Based on Tegalan Stories to Enhance Literacy

Syamsul Anwar, Lutfhizien Ibra Mufti — Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to improve students' literacy skills through the implementation of narrative writing instruction based on *Tegalan* stories, supported by YouTube media. The research method employed was Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted over two cycles. The subjects were eighth-grade junior high school students. The study population consisted of all eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 5 Tegal City. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample: a single class of approximately 30 students with relatively homogeneous writing ability characteristics. Data collection techniques included observation, writing tests, questionnaires, and documentation. Writing tests were used to measure students' literacy skills before (pre-test) and after (post-test) instruction. Observation was used to monitor student activities during the learning process. Questionnaires were used to assess student responses and motivation regarding the implemented instruction. Documentation consisted of students' written work and records of learning activities. Data analysis involved quantitative analysis—calculating average pre-test and post-test scores and score improvements—as well as descriptive analysis to describe student activities and responses during instruction. The results indicate an improvement in students' narrative writing skills from Cycle I to Cycle II. The use of *Tegalan* stories and YouTube media proved effective in enhancing students' motivation and literacy skills. Teachers are encouraged to creatively utilize the local environment and digital media in their instruction. Future research could extend this method to other text types or different educational levels.

Effectiveness of the Read-Aloud Approach in Improving Literal Reading Skills of Children's Stories among Students at SDN Gekbrong 1

Asti Mulyaningsih, Siti Maryam, Sri Mulyanti — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Literal reading comprehension is a fundamental literacy skill that elementary school students need to master as the basis for developing higher order reading comprehension. However, preliminary observations revealed that students experienced difficulties in identifying characters, determining settings, sequencing events, finding explicit information, identifying main ideas, and recognizing the moral values of children's stories. These problems were associated with low reading interest, limited vocabulary, and teacher-centered learning practices that provided insufficient opportunities for students to actively construct meaning from texts. This study aimed to describe the preparation and implementation of the Read Aloud approach and to examine its effectiveness in improving students' literal reading comprehension of children's stories. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The participants consisted of 33 fifth-grade elementary school students, including 17 students in the experimental class and 16 students in the control class. Data were collected through reading comprehension tests, classroom observations, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, paired sample t-tests, independent sample t-tests, and N-Gain analysis. The findings indicate that the Read Aloud approach significantly improved students' literal reading comprehension. Students in the experimental class achieved higher learning gains than those in the control class. Furthermore, classroom observations demonstrated that the approach encouraged active participation, classroom interaction, and deeper engagement with children's stories. Therefore, the Read Aloud approach can be considered an effective instructional alternative for improving elementary school students' literal reading comprehension in Indonesian language learning.

Keywords: Read Aloud, literal reading comprehension, children's stories, elementary school, Indonesian language learning.

School Readiness for the Implementation of the Academic Competency Test at SMA Negeri 2 Percut Sei Tuan

Nasywa Kamila Syam, Supsiloani — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the school's readiness to implement the Academic Ability Test (TKA) for Grade XII students at SMA Negeri 2 Percut Sei Tuan. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed. Research informants were selected using purposive sampling and included the vice-principal for curriculum affairs, Grade XII teachers, proctors, technicians, and students. Data collection involved observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis utilized the Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model. Data validity was verified through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that the school has undertaken various preparations for the TKA, including disseminating information to students and parents, strengthening classroom instruction, conducting trial tests and simulations, providing Computer-Based Test (CBT) facilities and infrastructure, and coordinating among the principal, teachers, proctors, technicians, and educational staff. Nevertheless, challenges remain, such as disparities in students' academic abilities, the reasoning-based nature of the test questions, and the need to optimize technological infrastructure. Overall, the study concludes that the school has demonstrated a high level of readiness for TKA implementation, supported by effective communication, adequate resources, strong commitment from the entire school community, and well-coordinated execution. This study provides empirical evidence regarding school readiness for TKA implementation and serves as a reference for schools and policymakers in improving the implementation of academic assessment policies.

Inequality in Access to Education in the Novel Dia Adalah Kakakku by Tere Liye: A Sociological of Literature Study

Faiza Dita Azhara, Arisul Ulumuddin, Siti Fatimah — Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe and analyze forms of inequality in educational access experienced by characters and to reveal the author’s social criticism of public education reflected in Tere Liye’s novel Dia Adalah Kakakku through a sociology of literature approach. Data collection was conducted online via the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia and Regional Libraries over a three-month period from February to April 2026. This qualitative descriptive research based on library research applies Alan Swingewood’s sociology of literature approach to analyze the novel as a socio-cultural document. The object of this study focuses on the novel text Dia Adalah Kakakku by Tere Liye (Republika Publishing, 2018, 398 pages), with textual sample respondents consisting of utterances, dialogues, background descriptions, and actions of the main character Laisa and her siblings. The primary instrument was the researcher, assisted by a document analysis guide and data corpus tables. Data analysis techniques applied qualitative content analysis integrated with the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, descriptive-dialectical presentation, and conclusion drawing through textual read-and-note techniques. The results indicate three main findings: (1) the geographical isolation of Lahambay Valley and structural poverty trigger limitations in school facilities and force the sacrifice of Laisa’s educational rights; (2) Tere Liye’s authorship position acts as a social witness articulating the worldview of rural communities; and (3) the novel serves as social criticism exposing hidden costs (operational, housing, and uniform expenses) in the educational system.

The Implementation of the Discovery Learning Model to Improve Descriptive Text Writing Skills among Grade VII Students at SMP Negeri 1 Pekanbaru

Dea Safitri, Tria Putri Mustika, Elmustian — Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to describe the descriptive text writing skills of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Pekanbaru before and after the implementation of the Discovery Learning model. This study employed a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental research design using a One-Group Pretest–Posttest design. The research sample consisted of 35 students from class VII.1 who were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a performance test of descriptive text writing and observations of teacher and student activities. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and the Paired Sample t-Test with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 26. The results showed that the mean score of descriptive text writing skills increased from 78.71 in the pretest to 78.86 in the posttest, representing an increase of 0.15 points. Teacher activity increased from 87.5% in the first meeting to 97.5% in the third meeting, while student activity increased from 82.5% to 95.0%. The normality test results indicated that the data were normally distributed. However, the Paired Sample t-Test resulted in a significance value of 0.922 > 0.05, indicating that there was no statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest results. Thus, the implementation of Discovery Learning showed a descriptive change in students’ descriptive text writing skills, but the change did not indicate a statistically significant difference. These findings suggest that Discovery Learning can be used as an alternative approach to teaching writing, although further research involving a control group and a longer treatment period is needed to obtain stronger evidence.

Minahasan Cultural Ambivalence in Manado Malay Poetry Cap Tikus Blues: An Analysis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Elements

Anatje T. Palit, Mariam L. M. Pandean, Stefanie Humena, H. Basri — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the reflection of Minahasan culture in the Manado Malay poem Cap Tikus Blues by Freddy Wowor through intrinsic and extrinsic analysis. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method using structuralism and the sociology of literature approaches. The data consisted of the poem Cap Tikus Blues, which was analyzed through reading, observation, and note-taking techniques. The findings reveal that, intrinsically, the poem is constructed through repetitive patterns, the use of distinctive Manado Malay diction, the symbols of cap tikus and blood, and a tone that shifts from humor to irony, criticism, and tragedy. These elements collectively establish the poem's central theme of cultural ambivalence, representing the dual aspects of the cap tikus drinking tradition in Minahasan society. Extrinsically, the poem reflects several aspects of Minahasan culture, including social solidarity, masculinity, humor, and the use of Manado Malay as a marker of cultural identity. The study demonstrates that cap tikus functions not only as a symbol of togetherness and social identity but also as a symbol that criticizes alcohol consumption practices that may lead to behavioral changes, aggression, and social conflict. Therefore, Cap Tikus Blues serves not only as a medium for cultural reflection but also as a form of social criticism toward cultural practices that have become normalized in society

Strengthening Cultural Literacy in Students Through Drama Learning Media “Gegaraning Wong Akrami”

Kusmira Dwi Ayuani, Rosy Tristanti, Budi Waluyo, Rahmat — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Cultural literacy is one of the important competencies that need to be developed in higher education as an effort to strengthen students' cultural identity in the midst of globalization. However, literature learning in higher education still tends to be oriented towards mastering theoretical aspects so that the use of literary works as a medium to strengthen cultural literacy is not optimal. This study aims to describe (1) learning design and (2) the application of drama learning media "Gegaraning Wong Akrami" to strengthen cultural literacy in students. The research uses a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive design. The research was carried out in the Javanese Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University. The research subjects consisted of lecturers teaching drama courses and semester VI students. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using an interactive analysis model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that strengthening cultural literacy is carried out through two main stages, namely the design and implementation of drama learning. In the design stage, elements of cultural literacy are integrated into the lecture contract, semester learning plan, learning model, learning media, and learning evaluation. In the implementation stage, lecturers implement student-centered learning through reading, discussing, analyzing, presenting, and staging drama scripts that contain Javanese cultural values. The findings of the study show that the drama "Gegaraning Wong Akrami" is an effective learning medium to strengthen cultural literacy while supporting student character education in higher education.

The Representation of Polemical Language in the Novel Perahu Kertas by Dee Lestari

Marlina Bumulo, Ellyana Hinta, Sitti Rachmi Massie, Salam, Zilfa Achmad Bagtayan — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the forms, functions, and meanings of polemical language in the novel Perahu Kertas by Dee Lestari. It employs a descriptive qualitative approach through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The data source is the novel Perahu Kertas, while the data itself consists of dialogues, monologues, and narrative passages containing polemical language. Data collection was carried out using the "read-and-note" method, and data analysis involved data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the forms of polemical language in the novel include rejection, criticism, defense of opinions, and protest. The functions of polemical language encompass rejection, self-defense, criticism, and ideological conflict. The meanings identified within the polemical language include clashes of idealism, social conflict, psychological conflict, and the dynamics of interpersonal relationships. From the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis, the polemical language in this novel serves not merely as a tool for communication but also represents power relations, ideological clashes, and the individual struggle to maintain self-identity amidst social pressure.

Fauna as Storied Matter for Trauma Recovery in the Children's Picture Book My Beautiful Birds (2017) by Suzanne del Rizzo

Naria Nur Iftitah, Nur Saktiningrum — Sat, 26 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The issue of ecological crisis and armed conflict within the landscape of contemporary children’s literature demands new critical approaches that can reposition narrative settings into more than acting as a passive background or inert entities. This study aims to analyze how the fauna in the children’s picture book My Beautiful Birds (2017) by Suzanne del Rizzo operates as a material agency within the process of trauma recovery. This research employs the framework of material ecocriticism developed by Iovino and Oppermann to examine how nonhuman material, specifically birds, functions as storied matter, integrated with Dominick LaCapra’s trauma theory to analyze the main character’s psychological development through the phases of acting-out and working-through. Although material ecocriticism has been applied across diverse media and literary genres, previous studies have rarely addressed the specific role of fauna as an active mechanism for trauma recovery. Employing a descriptive-qualitative method, the data were gathered through close-reading and note-taking techniques, categorized according to fauna as a repository of memory and trauma-healing mechanisms, and analyzed using narrative technique. The findings reveal that fauna acts dynamically as storied matter through its diversity of species and vibrant colors, which simultaneously preserve traumatic memory and facilitate psychological healing across acting-out and working-through processes. This study contributes to the broader discourse of children’s literature by establishing the narrative as an effective medium for psychological reconciliation facilitated by nonhuman material agency, while offering recommendations for future research to expand the analysis into visual elements to gain a deeper understanding of material agency in children’s texts.

Indonesian Language Use Among the Multilingual Community in Kampung Arab, Surabaya, East Java: A Sociolinguistic Study

Alexander Claudio Porut, Bambang Yulianto — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the use of the Indonesian language among the multilingual community in Kampung Arab, Surabaya, East Java, covering the forms of usage, its application across various language domains, and the influencing factors. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was employed to examine the community's daily speech practices. Data consisted of verbal utterances from the multilingual community, gathered through the Simak Libat Cakap (SLC)—an observational participatory conversation technique—as well as interviews, recordings, and note-taking. Data analysis was conducted using a sociolinguistic framework, specifically applying Joshua Fishman’s theory of language choice. The results indicate that Indonesian language usage manifests in the forms of single-code usage, code-switching, and code-mixing. This lingua franca is predominantly used in occupational and public domains as a medium for cross-cultural communication. Key factors influencing the use of Indonesian include participant backgrounds, the subject matter of the conversation, and the communication setting. The findings demonstrate that the multilingual ecosystem reinforces the role of Indonesian as a unifying force for a community living alongside regional languages.

Nature in the Poetry of Romantic Poets Wordsworth and Shelley: A Comparative Study

Bambang Irawan, Mohammad Fajar Mediyawan Ginting — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes the depiction of nature in William Wordsworth’s Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey and Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind within the context of Romantic literature. The Romantic movement emphasized emotion, imagination, individual experience, and a deep appreciation of nature as a response to industrialization and political revolution. As leading Romantic poets, Wordsworth and Shelley both place nature at the center of their poetic vision. However, they express their ideas in different ways. This research aims to examine the similarities and differences in how these two poets portray nature and how their perspectives reflect Romantic ideals. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method and applies René Wellek’s theory of comparative literature as its theoretical framework. Through close reading and textual analysis, the research focuses on themes, imagery, symbolism, tone, and the relationship between nature and human emotion. The findings show that both poets present nature as a living and powerful force that shapes human thought and feeling. Wordsworth depicts nature as calm, nurturing, and spiritually restorative, offering moral guidance and inner peace. In contrast, Shelley portrays nature as dynamic, intense, and transformative, symbolizing destruction, renewal, and revolutionary change. Although their tones differ, Wordsworth being reflective and meditative, Shelley passionate and urgent, both poets reveal a strong belief in the profound connection between nature and the human spirit. This comparison highlights the richness and diversity of Romantic views on nature.

Keywords: English poetry, nature, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Romantic period, William Wordsworth

A Directive Speech Acts in Negotiations between Sellers and Buyers at a Gadget Accessory Store

Erika Liana Putri, Nur Lailiyah, Marista Dwi Rahmayantis — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the forms, functions, and the influence of gender on the use of directive speech acts in negotiations between sellers and buyers. The research was conducted at the Indo Perdana Gadget Accessory Store, Kediri City, East Java, over five days in September 2025. A descriptive qualitative method with a pragmatic approach was used. The data sources were direct utterances of sellers and buyers that were recorded and transcribed during the negotiation process, with the researcher acting as the main instrument (human instrument), assisted by an audio/video recorder and a data classification sheet. The data were analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, and their validity was tested through technique triangulation. The results show four forms of directive speech acts, namely commands, requests, invitations, and suggestions, each amounting to 15 data (60 data in total). Six functions of directive speech acts were also found, namely asking (11 data), pleading (3 data), inviting (4 data), advising (3 data), ordering (5 data), and pressuring (2 data). Furthermore, analysis of 37 data based on gender shows that male speakers (18 data) tend to communicate directly, transactionally, and goal-oriented, while female speakers (19 data) tend to communicate elaboratively, relationally, and affectively. These findings prove that buying-selling negotiation at a gadget accessory store is a complex social interaction process whose language use is shaped by both politeness strategies and the gender identity of the speakers.

Effectiveness and Practicality of Outcome-Based Education Assessment Tools for Integrated Contextual Indonesian Language Learning Multidisciplinary Interactive E-Modules

Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective Outcome Based Education (OBE) assessment tool for contextual Indonesian language learning integrated with a multidisciplinary interactive e-module in higher education. The tool was developed as a strategic continuation of a multidisciplinary interactive e-module produced in a previous research phase, since the assessment system in use had not fully mapped the achievement of Graduate Learning Outcomes (CPL) and Course Learning Outcomes (CPMK). This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method with the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). Research subjects consisted of three lecturers and students from four classes in the Indonesian Language and Literature Education study program at Universitas Negeri Medan, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through needs-analysis questionnaires, expert validation sheets, practicality questionnaires for students and lecturers, and student work results on two learning materials, then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results show that the developed assessment tool achieved a validity level of 92% (very feasible category), a practicality level of 82% among students and 90% among lecturers (very practical category), and was effective in improving student learning outcomes with an average score of 87.25 across the two materials tested. These findings indicate that the OBE-based assessment tool integrated into a multidisciplinary interactive e-module is feasible for use as an authentic assessment instrument in contextual Indonesian language learning in higher education.

Improving Argumentative Text Writing Learning Outcomes through the Use of Puzzle Media Among Grade IX Students at SMP Negeri 13 Pekanbaru

Giovannesandesva Hendri, Marfina Delfi, Fatmawati, Raja Ira Novia Badar Putri — Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Students’ ability to compose argumentative texts remains relatively low, particularly in developing logical arguments supported by facts. This condition indicates the need for the implementation of instructional media that can increase students’ engagement in the learning process. This study aimed to improve students’ learning outcomes in argumentative text writing through the implementation of text puzzle media among ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 13 Pekanbaru. The study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model and was conducted in two cycles involving 41 students. Data were collected through assignments and analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques based on mean scores and the percentage of learning mastery. In Cycle I, learning was conducted through individual assignments in which students were asked to compose argumentative texts based on phenomena developing on social media. In Cycle II, text puzzle media was implemented through group activities involving matching, arranging, and connecting parts of argumentative texts. The results showed that the implementation of text puzzle media improved students’ learning outcomes. The mean score increased from 80.85 in Cycle I to 93.17 in Cycle II, while the percentage of learning mastery increased from 48.78% to 92.68%. Therefore, text puzzle media can serve as an alternative instructional medium for Indonesian language learning that supports more active, collaborative, and meaningful argumentative text learning while helping students understand and develop arguments more systematically.

A Semiotic Study of the Novel Tanah Para Bandit by Tere Liye

Muhammad Hanzel, Hetilaniar, Yenny Puspita — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The background of this research is based on the importance of understanding the hidden meaning in literary works through icons, indexes, and symbols that construct social, moral, and ideological messages in the novel. This research is supported by Peirce’s semiotic study on the relationship between signs, objects, and interpretants, and strengthened by Roland Barthes’ semiotic study on denotative, connotative, and mythical meanings. This research aims to analyze semiotic signs in the novel Tanah Para Bandit by Tere Liye using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic theory. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques. The research data are in the form of quotes, phrases, sentences, and dialogues in the novel that contain semiotic elements. Data collection techniques are carried out through document studies by reading, recording, and grouping data based on the categories of icons, indexes, and symbols. The results of the study show that this novel contains various forms of semiotic signs that represent social life, life struggles, injustice, and the search for identity of the main character. Icons are found through descriptions of settings and real objects, indexes appear in cause-and-effect relationships in events, while symbols depict ideological meanings and social criticism. Thus, this novel not only functions as a work of entertainment, but also as a medium for conveying moral and social messages through a complex system of signs.

Developing an ESP-Based Flipbook Integrated with Wayground to Support Reading Comprehension for Computer and Networking Engineering Students

Amanda Isna Nur Satifah Rohim, Arik Susanti — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to develop and evaluate an ESP-based flipbook integrated with Wayground to support reading comprehension of Grade XI Computer and Networking Engineering students. The research was conducted at a vocational high school in East Java, Indonesia, during the 2025/2026 academic year. The participants consisted of one class of Grade XI Computer and Networking Engineering students. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) study with the ADDIE model, which included the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The research instruments included guided interview questions for English teachers, an expert validation sheet to assess the content and media quality of the product, and a students' questionnaire to obtain learners' responses toward the developed flipbook. The collected qualitative data were analyzed thematically, while the quantitative data from the validation sheets and questionnaires were analyzed descriptively using percentages and mean scores. The results indicate that developed product of flipbook was considered valid and appropriate for use as an English learning medium for CNE students. The product successfully combined vocationally relevant content, clear learning activities, and interactive digital features based on expert validation. Students also responded positively to the accessibility, attractiveness, and usefulness of the flipbook. Therefore, this study concludes that the ESP-based flipbook integrated with Wayground can serve as a suitable learning resource to support reading comprehension in vocational English classes.

An Analysis of the Cultural Values of the Saprahan Tradition among the Sambas Malays: A Literary-Anthropological Approach

Delacitra, Rini Agustina, Wiendi Wiranty — Sun, 27 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe and analyze the cultural values and their representations within the procession and procedural execution of the saprahan tradition in Pelangi Segedong Hamlet, Bengkayang Regency. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method and a literary anthropology approach. The data collected consist of both verbal and non-verbal elements. Data sources include customary leaders, cultural practitioners, the general public, and primary data regarding the saprahan practice itself. Data collection techniques involve participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis follows an interactive model comprising three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. Data validity is ensured through source triangulation and theoretical triangulation. The findings indicate that the saprahan tradition embodies three primary cultural values: (1) religious values, (2) social values, and (3) ecological values. These values are concretely represented through four standard elements: the sequence of dish presentation, the symbolic significance of traditional utensils, the circular seating arrangement, and the mechanism for intergenerational transmission of implicit values through the community's direct involvement in every stage of the saprahan procession.

Emotional Representation of Generation Z in the YouTube Podcast Rintik Sedu: A Psycholinguistic Study

Muhammad Andri Triwibowo, Eko Suroso, Eko Muharudin, Isnaeni Praptanti — Sun, 27 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the emotional representations of Generation Z in the Rintik Sedu YouTube podcast from a psycholinguistic perspective. It is a qualitative descriptive study employing content analysis. The research subjects consist of utterances representing Generation Z’s emotions within the Rintik Sedu podcast, specifically in the episodes Terlalu Nyaman untuk Dilepaskan, Terlalu Ngebingungin untuk Bertahan and Kamu Cerita yang Udah Gak Bisa Diceritain ke Siapa-Siapa, while secondary data sources were obtained from relevant books, journals, and scholarly articles. The research data comprise words, phrases, and sentences containing emotional representations. The researher served as the primary instrument, assisted by data collection guidelines and data cards. Data collection employed the listen and note technique. Data validity was tested through theoretical triangulation by comparing analysis results based on Plutchik’s theory of emotions and psycholinguistic perspectives. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The research findings indicate that the emotional representations of Generation Z in yhe Rintik Sedu YouTube podcast fall into seven emotional categories: joy (5 instances), acceptance (8 instances), fear (7 intances), surprise (5 instances), sadness (12 instances), anger (6 instances), and expectancy (10 instances). Sadness emerged as the most dominant category, whereas disgust was not found in the research data.

Needs Analysis for Developing an Arabic Linguistic Landscape Model Incorporating Ecotheological Values in Islamic Boarding Schools

Ahmad Marzuq, Putri Zulharby, Siti Masyitoh — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

later

The Protagonist's Inner Conflict in the Novel Cahaya Mentari Pagi by Maria A. Sardjono: Literary Psychology Approach

Aula Septya Ningrum, Khoirul Huda, Hendrik Furqon — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to examine the protagonist's inner conflict in the novel Cahaya Mentari Pagi by Maria A. Sardjono through the lens of Alfred Adler’s individual psychology and to identify the factors influencing the emergence of this conflict. The study employs a qualitative approach and a descriptive method. The primary data source is the novel Cahaya Mentari Pagi by Maria A. Sardjono, while supporting data is derived from relevant books, journals, and scholarly articles. Data collection was conducted through a literature review, utilizing techniques such as reading, close observation, and noting excerpts related to the protagonist's inner conflict. Data analysis was performed using content analysis based on Adler’s individual psychology concepts, specifically inferiority, superiority, and lifestyle. The findings reveal that the inner conflict experienced by the protagonist, Kunti, is reflected in three aspects of Adler’s individual psychology. The aspect of inferiority is evident in her feelings of low self-worth, doubt, sadness, and inability to cope with life's pressures. The aspect of superiority is manifested in her efforts to overcome personal weaknesses, develop her potential, and achieve a better life. Meanwhile, the lifestyle aspect is reflected in her mindset, attitudes, and behaviors, which are shaped by life experiences—particularly a lack of parental affection during childhood. Furthermore, the factors influencing the emergence of this inner conflict include family dynamics, the social environment, past experiences, the protagonist's personality, and her hopes and life goals. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the protagonist's inner conflict arises from the interaction between feelings of inferiority, the drive for superiority, and a lifestyle shaped by her life experiences. Alfred Adler’s theory of individual psychology proves relevant in explaining the personality dynamics and psychological development of the protagonist in Maria A. Sardjono’s novel Cahaya Mentari Pagi.

Development of Hand Puppet Learning Media for Fairy Tale Listening Skills in Grade II Elementary School

Difa Zarrar Hafizah, Eva Astuti Mulyani, Zariul Antosa — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to develop hand puppet learning media for fairy tale lessons for Grade II elementary school students and to determine the validity and practicality levels of the developed media. The research was conducted at SDN 160 Pekanbaru in 2026. Research subjects included Grade II students and teachers (as users), as well as three validators who assessed language, media, and content aspects. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, comprising Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation sheets, and teacher and student response questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods, utilizing percentages to determine the media's validity and practicality levels. The resulting product consists of felt hand puppets featuring a rabbit and a turtle as the main characters, accompanied by a banner-style puppet stage and an audio recording of the fable "The Rabbit and the Turtle." Validation results showed an average score of 94.12% (highly valid category) from the linguist, 89.16% (highly valid category) from the media expert, and 84.89% (highly valid category) from the content expert. The combined average validation score was 89.39%, falling into the highly valid category. In student trials, the small group achieved an average score of 87.21% and the large group 87.46%; both were categorized as highly practical. Teacher responses yielded an average of 92.77%, falling into the highly practical category. These results indicate that the developed hand puppet media is suitable for use as an alternative Indonesian language learning medium to support fairy tale listening activities in Grade II elementary school.

Presuppositions and Conversational Implicatures in the YouTube Podcast Proxemics Episode on the Academic Ability Test (TKA)

Mabrurotul Umami, Iwan Marwan, Dwi Ira Ningrum Ana Mardiana — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research is motivated by the new Academic Ability Test (TKA) policy which sparked public debate and was clarified through a podcast. The speakers' utterances in the clarification are presumed to contain presuppositions and conversational implicatures that need to be pragmatically analyzed. This study aims to describe the forms of presuppositions and conversational implicatures in the podcast. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using documentation method (listening and note-taking). The data source is a YouTube Proxemics podcast video episode "TKA Bukan Ujian Nasional? Penjelasan Lengkap dari Kemendikdasmen! | 012" which was analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model through three stages: data reduction, data display, and verification. The results show presupposition data covering six types of presuppositions according to Yule (1996)—existential, lexical, structural, factive, non-factive, and counterfactual—as well as conversational implicature data covering two types according to Grice (1975)—generalized and particularized implicatures. This research provides theoretical contributions to the development of pragmatic studies in the analysis of public policy discourse on digital media, as well as practical benefits as a consideration for public communicators in developing more effective and transparent policy communication strategies.

The Representation of Cathexis in the Emotional Relationships of Superhero Characters in Gundala: Takdir and The Flash: Year One

Okta Diana Anggrayni, Anas Ahmadi, Octo Dendy Andriyanto — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the representation of cathexis through the emotional relationships of Sancaka in Gundala: Takdir by Oyasujiwo and Hasmi and Barry Allen in The Flash: Year One by Joshua Williamson and Howard Porter, as well as to compare the similarities and differences in their representations. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method focusing on two superhero comics, namely Gundala: Takdir and The Flash: Year One. The research data consist of dialogues, narrations, facial expressions, gestures, actions, and visual elements in comic panels that represent the characters’ emotional attachments. The research instrument is an analytical framework based on Connell’s concept of cathexis within masculinity theory and a multimodal approach to examine the relationship between verbal and visual elements. Data analysis was conducted through data selection, categorization, interpretation, and comparison based on the forms of emotional attachment represented by the characters. The findings reveal that Sancaka’s cathexis is primarily represented through family relationships, particularly his attachment to his father and mother, which appears through experiences of searching, caring, and memories of the past. Barry Allen’s cathexis is represented through his romantic relationship with Iris and emotional experiences related to family loss. The comparison demonstrates that personal relationships contribute to the construction of superhero identities, although Sancaka is more oriented toward family attachment, while Barry Allen presents broader interpersonal and familial connections.

Internal Conflict of the Main Character in the Novel Langit Senja by Nadilla TP: A Literary Psychological Study.

Agesti Ainindya Rahma Kinanti, Bisarul Ihsan, Nisaul Barokati Seliro Wangi — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the forms of internal conflict, causal factors based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and the main characters’ Responsses in the novel Langit Senja by Nadilla TP. The research was conducted from January to March 2026 through library research in an academic environment. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary psychological approach and an expressive approach. The subjects of this study are the main characters, Niskala Senja Nirvana and Langit Baskara Arkatama. The research instrument was the researcher as the primary instrument assisted by a data corpus table sheet. Data collection techniques were carried out through systematic reading and note-taking techniques. Data analysis techniques applied an interactive model comprising data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results show eight forms of internal conflict experienced by the main characters: anger, sadness, fear, disappointment, depression, anxiety, restlessness, and guilt. The causal factors of internal conflict were dominated by the unfulfillment of safety needs and love and belongingness needs. The main characters’ Responsses in facing internal conflict were manifested in three forms of action: selection or rejection, compromise, and hesitation.

Connotative Meaning in the Novel Archipelagos 3: The Power of Imang in Nusantara by Sleepinigloo (A Semantic Study)

Filla Fitria Amini, Laila Tri Lestari, Anisa Ulfah — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the forms of positive and negative connotative meanings and to analyze the functions of connotative meaning in the novel Archipelagos 3: The Power of Imang in Nusantara by Sleepinigloo, based on the theory of J. D. Parera. A descriptive-qualitative method was employed, utilizing "read-and-note" data collection techniques and content analysis for data processing. The research data consisted of excerpts from the novel containing connotative meanings. The results indicate that the novel Archipelagos 3: The Power of Imang in Nusantara contains both positive and negative connotative meanings manifested in words and phrases. Furthermore, the study identified connotative meaning functions consistent with Parera's theory, specifically: stimulating and evoking the senses, stereotypes, popular beliefs, and personal interests.

The Interpretation of Minimum Matery Criteria by Students in Learning Planning in Higher Education

Kholifatunnisa Assholihah, Marsadi Adam, Nur Syamsiyah — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Learning planning is a fundamental component in the educational process that determines the direction, effectiveness, and success of teaching and learning activities. This research/writing aims to examine the concepts, principles, and implementation of systematic and structured learning planning. The method used is a descriptive-analytical study of the main components of planning, including the formulation of learning objectives, material selection, learning strategies, learning media, and evaluation techniques. The results of the study indicate that good learning planning must be student-oriented, based on the applicable curriculum, and consider student characteristics and the learning context. In addition, the integration of appropriate methods and media can increase student engagement and achieve optimal learning outcomes. Thus, thorough learning planning is key to creating an effective, efficient, and meaningful learning process.

The Effect of Wordwall Games on the Vocabulary Skills of Children Aged 5–6 Years

Magfirah A. Labubung, Mohamad Zubaidi, Sri Wahyuningsi Laiya — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the effect of Wordwall games on vocabulary skills. A quantitative approach with a one-group pretest-posttest design was employed, involving 16 children from Group B1. The subjects were children aged 5–6 years at RA Al-Ikhlas Birobuli, Palu City. Data were collected using a vocabulary skill test administered before and after eight sessions of Wordwall game interventions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics—specifically the mean, standard deviation, and maximum and minimum scores—as well as parametric inferential statistics, namely the paired-samples t-test. The results showed that the average vocabulary skill score increased from 12.62 to 27.38. Regarding performance categories, 87.5% of the children fell into the "Developing Very Well" (BSB) category, while 12.5% ??fell into the "Developing as Expected" (BSH) category. The paired-samples t-test yielded a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that Wordwall games had a significant effect on the children's vocabulary skills. With an average score increase of 14.75 points, Wordwall proved to be an effective, interactive, and engaging learning medium for enhancing the vocabulary skills of early childhood learners.

The Application of Curipod-Based Digital Media in Poetry-Writing Learning at MTs Al-Khairaat, Gorontalo City

Saraswati Usman, Muslimin, Eka Sartika — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe (1) the planning, (2) the implementation, and (3) students’ responses to the application of Curipod-based digital media in poetry-writing learning in grade VIII of MTs. Al-Khairaat, Gorontalo City. The research was conducted in class VIII-D of MTs. Al-Khairaat, Gorontalo City, in May 2026. This study used a qualitative research type with a descriptive approach. The data sources consisted of one Indonesian-language teacher and 18 grade VIII-D students, with five students selected as interview informants. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation as the main instruments, and a questionnaire as a supporting instrument to strengthen the data. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman interactive model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results show that (1) the planning for the application of Curipod was carried out systematically through the preparation of a Merdeka Curriculum teaching module with a deep-learning approach, preparation for using the platform, and the readiness of the teacher and students; (2) the application of Curipod was carried out in two meetings in the computer laboratory, covering opening, main, and closing activities in accordance with the lesson design, with the use of Word Cloud, polling, quiz, and Open-Ended features; and (3) students’ responses to the application of Curipod were very positive, marked by increased enthusiasm, activeness, and creativity, along with an average poetry-writing score of 78.61, with 88.9% of students reaching the Minimum Mastery Criteria. Curipod-based digital media proved to be a viable alternative for interactive poetry-writing instruction, particularly within an Islamic boarding-school-based madrasah that prohibits the use of mobile phones.

The Effect of the CTL Learning Model on the Procedural Text Writing Skills of 7th-Grade Students

Dwi Mulya Ningsih, Charlina , Tria Putri Mustika — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model on the procedure text writing skills of seventh-grade students at MTs Darul Hikmah Pekanbaru. The research was conducted in the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used was a quantitative quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group design. The population of this study was all seventh-grade students, with a sample of 54 students selected using a purposive sampling technique, divided into class VII J as the control class (N = 27) and class VII K as the experimental class (N = 27). Data collection instruments were in the form of procedure text writing performance tests (pre-test and post-test). Data analysis techniques utilized descriptive statistics and non-parametric hypothesis testing, namely the Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results indicated that the post-test mean score of the experimental class (83.30; high category) outperformed the control class (72.24; medium category). The Mann-Whitney U test proved a significant difference between the two groups (Z = -4.121; p = 0.000 < 0.05). Furthermore, the Wilcoxon test confirmed that the CTL model had a significant effect on improving students’ writing skills (Z = -4.479; p = 0.000 < 0.05). In conclusion, the application of the CTL model is effective in substantively improving students’ procedure text writing skills.

An Analysis of the Meaning of Slang in the Communication of Universitas PGRI Pontianak Students: Semantic Study

Vera Amanda, Lastari, Mulia, Hullatur Rosyida, Fitri Wulansari — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the meaning of slang language used in the communication of students at Universitas PGRI Pontianak and to identify the types of meaning that appear in its usage. Slang language, as one of the language variations, has developed rapidly among students and has become part of their daily social interaction. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through observation and documentation of student conversations in both formal and informal situations. The results show that the slang language used by students undergoes various meaning changes, such as expansion of meaning, narrowing of meaning, and shifts from denotative to connotative meaning. In addition, the use of slang is influenced by social, cultural, and digital media developments. Slang language also functions as a means of creating familiarity and expressing group identity. Thus, slang language plays an important role in the dynamics of student communication and is relevant to semantic studies.

Exploring the Role of the Learning Environment in English Language Acquisition among EFL Learners

Hafizah Rifiyanti, Filda Angellia, Noerlina Anggraeni, Dyah Utami Dewi — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the English-speaking proficiency of 36 undergraduate students in the Communication Studies Program at Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kosgoro 1957, Jakarta, and examines how environmental factors support language learning. Using class observations, speaking tasks, and interviews, the study found that 20% of students demonstrated high proficiency, 45% intermediate, and 35% low proficiency. High-proficiency students communicated confidently and clearly, intermediate students participated actively but sometimes hesitated, and low-proficiency students struggled with pronunciation, grammar, and sentence formation. Key environmental factors—English media exposure, peer interaction, and authentic communication experiences—were found to enhance learning outcomes. Media allowed self-paced practice, peer mentoring promoted indirect learning and confidence, and real communication reduced anxiety while encouraging experimentation. The findings suggest that a supportive and interactive learning environment benefits students across all proficiency levels. Educators are recommended to integrate diverse media, foster structured peer collaboration, and provide regular opportunities for practical communication to improve English-speaking skills effectively.

Suwawa Language Maintenance among the Community in East Suwawa District, Bone Bolango Regency

Tri Salma T. Senduk, Asna Ntelu, Muslimin — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the state of Suwawa language maintenance and the factors influencing it in Suwawa Timur District, Bone Bolango Regency. The Suwawa language is a regional language that plays a vital role in the cultural identity of the Suwawa community. However, the changing times, the tide of globalization, and the dominance of Indonesian have led to a decline in the use of the Suwawa language, particularly among the younger generation. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, involving community leaders, parents, youths, and students as informants. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research findings indicate that the maintenance of the Suwawa language in Suwawa Timur District is ongoing but remains in a vulnerable state. The Suwawa language is still used in family, social, educational, religious, and organizational settings, as well as in communication among specific community members—predominantly by adults and the elderly. However, usage among the younger generation is declining, as they tend to use Indonesian for daily communication. The factors influencing Suwawa language maintenance include both internal and external elements. Internal factors encompass the community's positive attitude toward the regional language, a sense of pride, speaker loyalty, and language use within the family. Meanwhile, external factors include the influence of globalization, technological advancements and social media, the dominance of Indonesian in education and social environments, and the reduced use of the Suwawa language in formal domains. Efforts to maintain the language must be pursued through intergenerational transmission, increased usage within families and education, cultural activities, and the utilization of digital media as a tool for language preservation.

The Discourse of Power and Human Rights in the Short Story Collection Saksi Mata by Seno Gumira Ajidarma

Nadia Vega Paputungan, Asna Ntelu, Sitti Rachmi Masie — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the representation of power and human rights violations in the short story collection Saksi Mata by Seno Gumira Ajidarma, employing a discourse analysis approach. The collection depicts the repressive political and social climate in Indonesia, particularly regarding military violence in East Timor. The study utilizes Van Dijk’s model of discourse analysis, which encompasses three dimensions: social context, social cognition, and text structure. The data collection technique employed was a literature review, while the data analysis method used was qualitative-descriptive, utilizing Van Dijk’s discourse analysis approach. The researcher describes the short story's structure as well as the individual and social facts within it: 1) the human element—specifically the social reality—depicted in the short story Saksi Mata reflects the fiery spirit of the people of Timor-Leste in their resistance to break free from Indonesia; the population engaged in this resistance to achieve their independence; 2) the short story Saksi Mata centers on the theme of struggle and follows a linear (chronological) plot. The findings reveal that the texts in Saksi Mata offer sharp criticism of authoritarian and opaque power structures while highlighting serious human rights violations, such as infringements on freedom of expression, the right to life, and the right to humane treatment. The stories employ narrative, metaphor, and irony to expose oppressive power dynamics and shed light on the suffering of individuals caused by systemic injustice. The study concludes that literary works—specifically short stories—can serve as a form of symbolic resistance against hegemonic power and as a medium for voicing humanitarian values.

Humor Strategies through the Flouting of the Cooperative Principle in the Logickah? Podcast: A Pragmatic Analysis

Sopia Nurjanah, Iib Marzuqi, Miftahul Huda — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Humor is one of the communication strategies widely employed in digital media to create engaging and entertaining interactions. One mechanism for generating humor is through the flouting of Grice’s Cooperative Principle. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on identifying floutings of the Cooperative Principle, this study examines such floutings as pragmatic strategies for constructing humor in digital communication. This study aims to describe the mechanisms of humor through floutings of the Cooperative Principle in the “Logickah?” podcast. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with the data consisting of utterances from four episodes of the Logickah? podcast. The data were collected using the non-participatory observation technique (Simak Bebas Libat Cakap [SBLC]) and note-taking through the transcription of spoken utterances into written form. The data were then analyzed using the extralingual matching method. The findings revealed 118 instances of Cooperative Principle floutings used as humor strategies, comprising 6 floutings of the maxim of quantity, 12 floutings of the maxim of quality, 91 floutings of the maxim of relation, and 9 floutings of the maxim of manner. These maxim floutings function as humor strategies through the inference of conversational implicatures derived from the conversational context, thereby producing humorous effects. The findings indicate that floutings of the Cooperative Principle should not merely be regarded as communicative deviations but can also serve as effective pragmatic strategies for constructing humor in digital media.

Analysis of the Use of Simple Sentences in Kompas News (May 23, 2026 Edition): Syntactic Study

Indah Sulmayanti, Wisnu Ardian, Rissa Febriana, Ratna Yuniarti — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the forms of simple sentences and examine the syntactic structure elements (Subject, Predicate, Object, Complement, and Adjunct) used in Kompas news articles published on May 23, 2026. The research design employed is descriptive qualitative. The data consists of simple sentences collected in June 2026 from the Kompas newspaper edition of May 23, 2026. Data collection was carried out using the observation method (metode simak) with note-taking techniques (teknik catat). Furthermore, data analysis followed an interactive model involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results revealed 83 simple sentences distributed across 6 variations of sentence patterns. The simple sentence patterns found include S-P (6 data), S-P-O (39 data), S-P-Pel (8 data), S-P-K (13 data), S-P-O-K (9 data), and S-P-Pel-K (8 data). The S-P-O pattern emerged as the most dominant structural pattern. The presence of Subject and Predicate functions as the essential core elements that are always present, while the addition of Object, Complement, and Adjunct elements serves to provide communicative detailed information without altering the simple sentence status into a compound sentence. The dominance of this straightforward structure proves that Kompas news articles tend to utilize concise, effective, and easily understandable sentences for readers.

The Effect of a Point-Based Strategy on the Learning Engagement of Ninth-Grade Students in Indonesian Language Learning

Sasi Karana — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Student learning activeness is a key indicator of successful learning, including in Indonesian Language instruction. Preliminary observation during the Teaching Practicum (PPL) in class IX.4 of SMP Negeri 13 Pekanbaru revealed that of 41 students, only four actively asked questions, answered, or expressed opinions during lessons, while the majority remained passive. This study aims to examine the effect of a point-giving strategy, applied as a form of positive reinforcement, on students’ learning activeness in argumentative text material. The research was conducted in class IX.4 of SMP Negeri 13 Pekanbaru from April 1 to April 15, using a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design through repeated observations of a single group across four meetings. The research subjects were 41 students of class IX.4, determined through total sampling. Data were collected using a student-activeness observation sheet and analyzed descriptively using percentages. The results show a gradual increase in learning activeness: 9.76% in the first meeting, 34.15% in the second, 51.22% in the third, and 75.61% in the fourth. These findings indicate that the point-giving strategy effectively encouraged students to participate more actively in Indonesian Language learning, particularly within Project Based Learning, Discovery Learning, and discussion models. This study underscores the importance of designing consistent and measurable positive reinforcement systems as part of classroom management strategies for Indonesian Language teachers.

Preservation of the Gorontalo Language in Tutulo Village Community, Botumoito District, Boalemo Regency

Sri Ulfa Amelia Kai, Sayama Malabar, Asna Ntelu — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the usage of the Gorontalo language, the challenges regarding its preservation, and the efforts made by the community of Tutulo Village (Botumoito District, Boalemo Regency) to overcome these challenges. The research data consists of the speech used by the community in Tutulo Village, with data sources comprising community members, community leaders, and the younger generation. A qualitative descriptive method with a sociolinguistic approach was employed to analyze the preservation of the Gorontalo language in the area. Data were obtained through techniques such as non-participatory observation (simak libat bebas cakap), participatory observation (simak libat cakap), conversation (cakap), eavesdropping (sadap), and note-taking (catat). The collected data were analyzed by transcribing oral data into written form, translating, identifying, classifying, and analyzing the data, and drawing conclusions from the analysis. The results indicate that while the Gorontalo language is still used in Tutulo Village, Botumoito District, Boalemo Regency, its usage is no longer dominant across all domains of communication.

An Analysis of French Language Materials on the Lingua.com Website for Listening Skills at the CEFR B1 Level

Annisa Larasati Dewi Nur Bayuni, Tri Indri Hardini, Iim Siti Karimah — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the characteristics of B1-level French listening materials available on the Lingua.com website based on the Référentiel des contenus d’apprentissage du FLE and to analyse their conformity with the B1 listening descriptors of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using content analysis. The data were collected through document analysis of the listening materials available on the Lingua.com website. The research population consisted of all listening materials provided on the website, while the sample comprised 18 B1-level listening materials selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included a material analysis table based on the Référentiel des contenus d’apprentissage du FLE and a material conformity table based on the CEFR B1 descriptors. Data were analysed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the materials are predominantly characterised by the speech act caractériser quelqu’un ou quelque chose, the use of grammatical structures such as la localisation temporelle, la localisation spatiale, les articulations logiques simples, and les temps du passé, as well as vocabulary related to la vie quotidienne. The analysis further reveals that the materials generally correspond to the CEFR B1 listening competence. However, several descriptors, including extended discussions, authentic conversations between native speakers, films with simple plots, and simple technical instructions, are not fully represented in the analysed materials.

Development of Joyful Learning-Based Wordwall Instructional Media to Enhance Poetry Comprehension Among Grade XI Students at SMA Wahid Hasyim Model Karanggeng

Ellen Agustina Viscasari, Nisaul Barokati Seliro Wangi, Iib Marzuqi — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Poetry instruction requires media capable of creating an active, engaging, and enjoyable learning atmosphere to facilitate students’ comprehension of the material. However, observations at SMA Wahid Hasyim Model Karanggeneng revealed that the use of technology-based learning media was suboptimal; poetry lessons relied heavily on textbooks and student worksheets, leading to student boredom. This study aimed to develop “Joyful Learning”-based Wordwall media to enhance poetry comprehension among Grade XI high school students. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, comprising the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The developed product consists of Wordwall media utilizing the “Random Wheel” template for instruction and the “Quiz” template for assessment. During the implementation phase, students were divided into five groups to analyze the physical and inner elements of poems based on themes selected via the Random Wheel, followed by individual quiz completion to assess learning outcomes. The results indicate that the Joyful Learning-based Wordwall media successfully fostered a learning process that was more active, interactive, engaging, and enjoyable. Consequently, the developed media is expected to serve as an innovative alternative for enhancing poetry comprehension among Grade XI high school students.

The Effect of the OK5R Method on the Critical Reading Skills of Fifth-Grade Elementary School Students

Nikmah Pajriati, Dede Permana, Eddy Noviana — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study was motivated by the low critical reading skills of fifth-grade elementary school students, which directly impacts their lack of deep understanding regarding various reading texts. The study aims to describe in depth and analyze the effect of implementing the OK5R learning method (Overview, Key Ideas, Read, Record, Recite, Review, Reflect) on improving students' critical reading skills. A pre-experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design was employed. The research subjects consisted of 22 fifth-grade students from SD Islam As-Shofa Pekanbaru during the 2025/2026 academic year. Data collection involved a short-essay test specifically designed to measure six key indicators of critical reading skills: identifying important information, analyzing text content, interpreting meaning, drawing conclusions, evaluating text content, and reflecting on the text content as a whole. Descriptive statistical analysis results showed an increase in the class average score from 37.73 in the pretest to 44.41 in the posttest. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test confirmed that the research data were normally distributed, with significance values of 0.377 for the pretest and 0.161 for the posttest. Furthermore, hypothesis testing using the Paired Sample t-Test yielded a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), demonstrating that the alternative hypothesis was accepted. Although the N-Gain test resulted in an average score of 0.1095—classified as low—it can be concluded overall that the OK5R method still exerted a positive and significant influence on the critical reading skills of fifth-grade students at SD Islam As-Shofa Pekanbaru.

Improving Personal Letter Writing Skills Using The Think Pair Share Model for Students of State Middle School 2 Pontianak

Popi, Fitri Wulansari, Fitriani — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research was conducted because the ability of class VII H students of SMPN 2 Pontianak in writing personal letters is still low. This is caused by difficulties in understanding language structures, the influence of instant messaging culture that affects the use of punctuation, and lack of learning motivation due to less varied teaching methods. This two-cycle classroom action research aims to explain the improvement in these abilities by using a cooperative model in the form of Think Pair Share (TPS). The research subjects were 32 students. Data were obtained through observations, learning achievement tests, and interviews, then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The research shows a significant improvement in student learning outcomes. Before the cycle began, the average class score was 72.34 and the completion rate reached 56.25% with 18 students successfully completing the task. After implementing TPS in the first cycle, the average class score increased to 77.03 with a classical completion rate of 71.87% which included 23 students who successfully completed the task. Students' abilities reached their peak in Cycle II with an average score of 84.00 and a completion rate of 100% (all 32 students successfully completed the course). Positive changes also occurred in classroom activities; the teacher acted as an interactive facilitator, while students were more active, bold in expressing their opinions, and able to make their own improvements to pronunciation and language logic. The application of the TPS model greatly helped improve the ability to write personal letters and also prevented the decline in language structure in the digital era for class VII H students of SMPN 2 Pontianak.

Affixation in the Sambas Dialect of Malay: A Morphological Description and Grammatical Functions in Native Speech from Pasar Melayu Village

Asreka Tarilia, Mai Yuliastri Simarmata, Mesterianti Hartati — Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This qualitative descriptive study aims to document and describe the rules of affixation and the grammatical sentence structure of the Sambas dialect of Malay in the village of Pasar Melayu, as part of an effort to preserve the language from the influence of modern languages. Spoken data was collected using the participant observation technique, digital recording devices and field notes, and was subsequently analysed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The research findings identified forty-six affixed words, comprising nineteen prefixes (te-, si-, ke-, ng-, nge-), thirteen infixes (-er-, -el-, -ng-), eleven suffixes (-kan, -an), and three confixes (be-an, te-kan). All of these affixes are still actively used in everyday communication and function grammatically in the formation of verbs, nouns and adjectives. This study serves as a reference for the preservation of regional languages as well as a basis for the development of teaching materials rooted in local wisdom.

Persuasive Language in Public Service Announcements on the Indonesian Ministry of Health’s YouTube Channel (@Ayo Sehat)

Nadiya Kusuma, Dian Hartati, Wienieke Dinar Pratiwi — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to delineate the elements of persuasive language within public service announcements featured on the @Ayo Sehat YouTube channel of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, and to implement these findings as instructional materials for advertisement texts at the junior high school level. The study employs a qualitative approach utilizing a descriptive methodology. The data corpus comprises ten health-themed public service announcement videos published on the aforementioned YouTube channel. Data acquisition was conducted via documentation techniques, followed by an analytical framework encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The analysis is predicated on the elements of persuasive communication, encompassing the communicator (verbal and nonverbal), the message (explicit, implicit, and argumentative), the channel (primary and secondary), and the recipient (persuadee), specifically, the characteristics and underlying conditions thereof. Furthermore, the advertisement texts were evaluated based on their functional capacities disseminating information, persuading or influencing, generating an impression, and satisfying desires. The findings indicate that all examined advertisements comprehensively incorporate persuasive elements, albeit with minor instances lacking discernible expressions, gestures, or explicit and implicit meanings. All advertisement texts fulfill the four principal functions of advertising, thereby effectively conveying the intended health messages.

Patriarchal Domination in the Novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam: A Feminist Literary Criticism Study

Dita Cahyani Ramadhani, Rika Novita Kusumaningrum — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Patriarchal domination is one of the social issues frequently represented in literary works because it reflects the unequal position of women within society. This study examines the forms of patriarchal domination portrayed in the novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam by Dian Purnomo throughthe perspective of feminist literary criticsm. A qualitative research method with a content analysis technique was employed to analyze dialogues, narrations, and paragraphs that depict patriarchal practices in the novel. The analysis shows that patriachal domination is embedded in social, cultural, and customary systems that position women as subordinate to men. These practices are reflected in variois aspects of women’s lives, including marriage customs and the limitation of their fundamental rights. The findings also demonastrate that patriarchal is sustained not only by individual actions but also by cultural values that are widely accepted within society. Therefore, the novel offers a cirtical representation of gender inequality and encourages readers to develop greater awareness of the impact of patriarchal culture on womes’s lives. This study contributes to feminist literary studies by providing a deeper understanding of how literary works represent and criticize patriarchal domination in Indonesian society.

Verb Affixation in the Seventh-Grade Indonesian Language Textbook of the Merdeka Curriculum: A Morphological Study

Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Morphology plays a crucial role in Indonesian language instruction because word-formation processes, including affixation, determine the accuracy of word meaning and grammatical function. As the primary learning resource in the Merdeka Curriculum, textbooks contain numerous affixed verbs that students must understand to read and write grammatically. This study aims to describe the forms, formation processes, and affix types of affixed verbs found in the seventh-grade Indonesian textbook of the Merdeka Curriculum, and to identify patterns in their usage. A descriptive qualitative approach grounded in morphological analysis was employed. Data consisting of affixed words were collected through documentation and note-taking techniques, then analyzed through identification, classification, morphological-process analysis, and conclusion drawing. The study identified 65 affixed-word data, comprising 22 single-prefix forms, 1 suffixed form, and 42 confix forms. The meN-...-kan confix was the most dominant pattern, occurring 26 times, followed by the meN- prefix in 10 data. The findings also reveal that several data categorized as verb affixation, particularly those formed with the ke-...-an, peN-...-an, and per-...-an confixes, categorially yield deverbal nouns rather than verbs. The study concludes that the seventh-grade textbook is dominated by causative and benefactive meN-...-kan confixation, underscoring the need for teachers to explicitly distinguish the verbalizing and nominalizing functions of these affixes in morphology instruction.

Interconnection of Curriculum, Learning, and Assessment as the Foundation of Outcome-Oriented Education

Thu, 08 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research aims to examine the interconnection between curriculum, learning, and assessment as the foundation of outcome-oriented education within the framework of Outcome-Based Education (OBE). The study focuses on the conceptual relationship among these three components, their systemic integration in educational planning and implementation, and the factors influencing the effectiveness of their interconnection. This research employed a qualitative approach using a library research design. The data sources consisted of official policy documents, scientific journal articles, previous research findings, and reference books relevant to outcome-based curriculum, learning, and assessment. Data were collected through a systematic literature review, while data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative content analysis involving data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that curriculum, learning, and assessment are interconnected components that constitute a unified system within the OBE framework. Their integration is reflected in the alignment among learning outcomes, instructional strategies, and assessment systems designed in a continuous manner. The effectiveness of this interconnection is influenced by the complexity of learning outcomes mapping, educators’ understanding of the OBE philosophy, and institutional factors, including organizational culture, leadership, and the availability of resources. Therefore, the success of outcome-oriented education largely depends on the consistent implementation of the interrelationship among curriculum, learning, and assessment as a continuous quality improvement cycle.

The Effect of the Inquiry-Based Learning Model Assisted by Crossword Puzzle Media on the Hikayat Text Writing Skills of SMA Muhammadiyah Sukabumi Students

Dara Rahma Winahyu, Hera Wahdah Humaira, Fauziah Suparman — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the effect of inquiry based learning assisted by crossword puzzle media on senior high school students’ ability to write hikayat texts. The study was conducted at SMA Muhammadiyah Kota Sukabumi in the 2025/2026 academic year. The population consisted of 50 tenth-grade students; class X-A with 24 students served as the control class and class X-B with 26 students served as the experimental class. The instruments included hikayat text writing tests, writing assessment rubrics, teacher and student observation sheets, and documentation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk normality testing, gain comparison, and an independent sample t-test. The findings showed that students’ writing ability improved after the implementation of inquiry based learning assisted by crossword puzzle media. In the experimental class, the average score increased from 67.08 in the pretest to 81.40 in the posttest, with an average gain of 14.32. The strongest improvements occurred in content suitability, text structure, language use, and creativity. The t-test result showed Sig. 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the model had a significant effect on students’ hikayat text writing ability.

The Protagonist's Inner Conflict in the Novel Assalamualaikum Baitullah by Asma Nadia: An Abraham Maslow Humanistic Psychology Analysis

Sintya Desmayanti Rahmah, Anisa Ulfah, Sutardi — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the forms of inner conflict experienced by the main character and to analyze these conflicts based on Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the novel Assalamualaikum Baitullah by Asma Nadia. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method and literary psychology analysis. The data source of this research is the novel Assalamualaikum Baitullah by Asma Nadia, while the research data consist of quotations that represent the main character’s inner conflicts. Data collection was conducted through reading and note-taking techniques, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman data analysis model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the main character’s inner conflicts are represented through five levels of needs in Abraham Maslow’s theory, namely physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Conflicts related to physiological needs are reflected through health problems and biological necessities, while safety needs are represented through anxiety about health conditions, family relationships, and the future. Love and belonging needs are reflected through the loss of affection and emotional support, whereas esteem needs are shown through decreased self-confidence and self-worth. Meanwhile, self-actualization needs appear through the main character’s efforts to develop her potential, discover the meaning of life, and rise from various hardships. The findings reveal that the main character’s inner conflicts develop gradually according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and influence the process of her personality development.

The Struggle of the Female Protagonist in the Film Ketika Berhenti di Sini by Umay Shahab: A Study Based on Simone de Beauvoir’s Existentialist Feminism

Intan Fitriani Darmawan, Moh. Achsan Shohiful Rizal — Wed, 07 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to describe the forms and functions of the female character’s struggle in the film Ketika Berhenti di Sini by Umay Shahab from Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminist perspective. The study was conducted in Surabaya in 2026, with the film serving as the primary source of data. The population comprised all scenes, dialogues, actions, and decisions involving the characters, while the sample consisted of selected data depicting the struggle of Dita as the main female character. The researcher served as the primary research instrument, assisted by data-recording sheets and classification tables. Data were collected through repeated viewing, note-taking, and documentation. Data analysis employed a qualitative descriptive method using transcription, coding, classification, categorization, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, followed by theoretical interpretation based on Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminism. The findings reveal five forms of Dita’s struggle: confronting loss, managing emotions, making life choices, maintaining self-existence, and continuing her life. These forms function to help Dita face the reality of loss, recover emotionally, exercise freedom in making life choices, affirm her existence, and achieve transcendence. Overall, Dita’s struggle represents an existential process of rebuilding freedom, self-awareness, and independence as a subject who determines the direction of her own life.“Keywords: women’s struggle, female character, existentialist feminism.

Analysis of the Protagonist's Inner Conflict in the Novel 14 Days Isabella by Caramel: A Literary-Psychological Study

Firda Aulia Ariyanti, Sutardi , Irmayani — Wed, 07 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the psychological turmoil experienced by the main character in the novel 14 Days Isabella by Caramel through a literary psychology approach. This study is significant because the novel offers a profound depiction of the psychological pressure faced by an adolescent who grows up without full acceptance from her family, making it relevant to examine through Sigmund Freud’s personality theory, which highlights the interplay among the id, ego, and superego. The research was conducted from February to June 2026 using a descriptive qualitative method grounded in a literary psychology framework. The main data source was the novel text published by Akad Media Cakrawala in 2024, while supporting data were gathered from related books and scholarly articles. Data collection was carried out through intensive reading and note-taking techniques, followed by analysis through the stages of identification, classification, description, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that Isabella experiences various forms of inner turmoil, including doubt, anxiety, fear, sorrow, and guilt, triggered by unfair treatment from her family, her deteriorating health condition, and a negative self-perception. To cope with these pressures, she employs several strategies, such as praying, motivating herself, restraining her emotions, forgiving others, and striving to rebuild her life more positively. In conclusion, Isabella’s inner conflict stems from a sustained clash between her inner drives and a life reality marked by rejection.

An Analysis of Students' Language Politeness toward Lecturers in Communication via WhatsApp: A Pragmatic Study

Kharisma Aulia, Asna Ntelu, Wa Ode Irawati — Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study was motivated by the researcher’s findings regarding students’ violations of linguistic politeness when communicating face-to-face with lecturers. These violations involved the use of overly casual language and excessive joking, resulting in a decline in linguistic politeness. The study aims to describe the principles of linguistic politeness observed by students in their interactions with lecturers, as well as the factors influencing such politeness during communication via WhatsApp. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method using the pragmatic approach of Leech and Brown. The research data consist of words, phrases, sentences, and clauses derived from screenshots of chat exchanges between students and lecturers. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and note-taking, and subsequently analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The research results indicate that no violations of linguistic politeness principles were found; all student utterances adhered to these principles. However, based on the volume of words and sentences employed, the most dominant principles observed were the principles of tact, generosity, and approbation. Furthermore, it was identified that three factors influence student politeness toward lecturers: social distance, social status, and the type of speech act. Politeness in students’ WhatsApp communication with lecturers goes beyond mere formality; it demonstrates their ability to uphold ethical standards and courtesy toward lecturers, even in a digital messaging environment. This practice fosters harmonious relationships and facilitates the academic communication process.