The Psychological Condition of the Main Character in Devia Ananda's Novel Hey, Bodyguard! (A Secret): Carl Rogers' Humanistic Perspective

Febriani Khalimatus  Sa'diyah; Hespi   Septiana

doi:10.55909/jpbs.v5i1.1145

Authors

Febriani Khalimatus Sa'diyah Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Hespi Septiana Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55909/jpbs.v5i1.1145

Keywords:

psychology condition, main character, novel, humanistic

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to describe the psychological condition and fulfillment of Rogers' humanistic concept of Rayyan in the novel Hey, Bodyguard! (A Secret) by Devia Ananda. This study raises the important issue of mental health in the process of individual development. This study uses a qualitative method with a literary psychology approach to process the data. The descriptive technique with data analysis procedures uses five aspects of Carl Rogers' humanistic psychology, namely self-concept, ideal self, unconditionally positive regard, fully functioning person, and empathy. The source of research data is the novel Hey, Bodyguard! (A Secret) by Devia Ananda, published in 2023 by Sunset Road, with data in the form of relevant narrative and dialogue excerpts related to the research focus. The data collection technique involved reading, identifying the main character's research focus, marking dialogues or narratives, collecting data, and categorizing data. The data validity technique used triangulation to validate the objectivity of the research. The results of the study show two psychological disorders, namely post-traumatic stress disorder and psychosis. Rayyan's self-concept shows that he is vulnerable due to psychological symptoms such as dull affect, excessive feelings of uselessness, emotional instability, and distortion of reality. His ideal self is centered on family values, apologies, and psychological healing. The unconditionally positive regard Rayyan receives takes the form of acceptance, attention, support, and motivation. Rayyan is not a fully functioning person, but his empathy has been reactivated.

References

Ahmadi, A. (2019). Metode Penelitian Sastra. Gresik: Graniti.

Ahmadi, A. (2020). Psikologi Sastra. Surabaya: Unesa University Press.

Alaslan, A., Suharti, B., Laxmi, Rustandi, N., Sutrisno, E., & Rahmi, S. (2023). Penelitian Metode Kualitatif. https://osf.io/preprints/thesiscommons/smrbh

Bogachenko, Y. (2024). Functional and Structural Features of Organizing the “Sense of Rightness” within the Structure of Personality. Psychological Counseling and Psychotherapy, 25–28. https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-1249-2024-21-04

Chodiyah, A. N., Ahmadi, A., & Rengganis, R. (2025). Identitas Perempuan Dalam Novel Dia Yang Haram Karya Isrina Sumia Kajian Psikologi Rogerians. 17(1), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.30998/deiksis.v17i1.23389

Clara, M., Lima, S., Coelho, P., & Branco, C. (2023). Releitura da teoria rogeriana da personalidade sobre os fenômenos da autoimagem corporal e autoestima Rereading of the Rogerian theory of personality on the body self- image and self-esteem phenomena. Revista: Psicopatologia Fenomenológica Contemporânea, 12(1), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.37067/rpfc.v12i1.1128.

Diviyayaya. (2023). Hey, Bodyguard! (A Secret). Jakarta: Penerbit Sunset Road.

Wulandari, U., & Elmustian, E. (2025). Ekspansi Amanat dan Tema Syair Saudagar Bodoh terhadap Hikayat Indera Bangsawan. GAUNG: Jurnal Ragam Budaya Gemilang, 3(1), 1–12.

Hasanah, U., & Septiana, H. (2023). Psikologi Individual Tokoh dalam Novel Sewu Dino Karya Simpelman (Kajian Psikologi Sastra Alfred Adler). BAPALA, 10(1). https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/bapala/article/view/53778.

Hidayat, W., & Santosa, S. (2024). Memahami Konsep Belajar Anak Usia Dasar: Studi Analisis Teori Belajar Carl Rogers serta Penerapannya di Sekolah Dasar. Journal of Primary Education Research, 2(1), 92-101. https://doi.org/10.57176/primer.v2i1.18.

Maurer, M. M., & Daukantaite, D. (2020). Revisiting the Organismic Valuing Process Theory of Personal Growth/ : A Theoretical Review of Rogers and Its Connection to Positive Psychology. Frontiers, 11(July), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01706

Mayani, R., Zuliani, W., & Nasir, M. (2024). Nilai-Nilai Psikologi Humanistik dalam Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka di SD 2 Muhammadiyah Langsa. Tafhim Al-’Ilmi, 15(02), 299-320. https://doi.org/10.37459/tafhim.v15i02.230.

Mejía, J. A. (2018). Psicoterapia y familia: una perspectiva centrada en la persona y existencial. Miscelánea Comillas. Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, (149), 441-462.

Nabawiyati, D. R., & Vrisaba, N. A. (2025). Studi Kasus: Dinamika Psikologis Skizoafektif Tipe Manik dengan Pendekatan Humanistik Carl Rogers. Character Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 12(01), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.26740/cjpp.v12n01.p17-28.

Qorib, M., Jaya, C. K., Muhammadiyah, U., & Utara, S. (2022). Kreativitas dalam Perspektif Teori Humanistik Rogers. Intiqad: Jurnal Agama dan Pendidikan Islam, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.30596/intiqad.v14i1.10372

Raharjo, R. P., & Nugraha, A. S. (2022). Nilai-Nilai Psikologi Sastra dan Pendidikan dalam Novel Entrok Karya Okky Madasari. Jurnal Bastra (Bahasa dan Sastra), 7(3), 500-507. https://doi.org/10.36709/bastra.v7i3.16.

Ramadhani, D. A. P. A., Subandiyah, H., & Raharjo, R. P. (2024). Aktualisasi Diri dalam Trilogi Novel Dear Nathan Karya Erisca Febriani dan Implikasinya sebagai Pembentuk Karakter Peserta Didik. LEARNING: Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 4(3), 658–670. https://doi.org/10.51878/learning.v4i3.3186

Razak, A. (2017). Menggapai Mixed Methods Bidang Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Pekanbaru: Ababil Press.

Rizqiyah, H., & Ahmadi, A. (2021). Novel Kerumunan Terakhir Karya Okky Madasari: Kajian Psikologi Carl Rogers. Sapala, 8(2), 141–153. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jurnal-sapala/article/view/41073

Rogers, C. . R. (1980). A Way of Being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Rogers, C. R. (1961). On Becoming A Person: A Therapist’s View of Psyhcotherapy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Sahara, A. I., Rahmadani, A. A., Lubis, F., & Simanjuntak, E. E. (2021). Analisis Novel Ayahku (Bukan) Pembohong Karya Tere Liye dalam Pendekatan Psikologi Sastra. Literasi: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Serta Pembelajarannya, 5(2), 187. https://doi.org/10.25157/literasi.v5i2.5384

Samsara, A. (2020). Mengenal psikologi humanistik. Lautan Jiwa. Com.

Saputri, S. (2022). Pentingnya Menerapkan Teori Belajar Humanistik dalam Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik pada Jenjang Sekolah Dasar. EduBase: Journal of Basic Education, 3(1), 47-59. https://doi.org/10.47453/edubase.v3i1.677.

Stoetzel, L., Vanderground, J., Abraham, K. (2025). Recentering Family-Teacher Partnerships Through the Lens of Unconditional Positive Regard. Michigan Reading Journal, 57(3). https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/mrj/vol57/iss3/6.

Swan, K., Chen, C. B., & Bockmier-sommers, D. K. (2020). Relationships Between Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Education and the Community of Inquiry Framework/ : A Preliminary Exploration. Online Learning Consortium, 24(3), 4–18. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1271883.

Wahyuni, R., & Ambarwati, A. (2023). Pertentangan Psikologis Tokoh Ping dalam Novel Rapijali 1 Mencari Karya Dee Lestari: Kajian Carl Rogers. SALINGKA, Majalah Ilmiah Bahasa Dan Sastra, 20. https://salingka.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/SALINGKA/article/view/820/372

Wahyuningtyas, C., & Soqid, S. (2025). The Journey of Self-Actualization of the Main Character in the Film Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis: A Humanistic Psychology Perspective by Abraham Maslow. Jurnal Pembahas, 4(November), 1887–1904. https://doi.org/10.55909/jpbs.v4i6.1015.