The Protagonist's Inner Conflict in the Novel Cahaya Mentari Pagi by Maria A. Sardjono: Literary Psychology Approach

Abstract

This study aims to examine the protagonist's inner conflict in the novel Cahaya Mentari Pagi by Maria A. Sardjono through the lens of Alfred Adler’s individual psychology and to identify the factors influencing the emergence of this conflict. The study employs a qualitative approach and a descriptive method. The primary data source is the novel Cahaya Mentari Pagi by Maria A. Sardjono, while supporting data is derived from relevant books, journals, and scholarly articles. Data collection was conducted through a literature review, utilizing techniques such as reading, close observation, and noting excerpts related to the protagonist's inner conflict. Data analysis was performed using content analysis based on Adler’s individual psychology concepts, specifically inferiority, superiority, and lifestyle. The findings reveal that the inner conflict experienced by the protagonist, Kunti, is reflected in three aspects of Adler’s individual psychology. The aspect of inferiority is evident in her feelings of low self-worth, doubt, sadness, and inability to cope with life's pressures. The aspect of superiority is manifested in her efforts to overcome personal weaknesses, develop her potential, and achieve a better life. Meanwhile, the lifestyle aspect is reflected in her mindset, attitudes, and behaviors, which are shaped by life experiences—particularly a lack of parental affection during childhood. Furthermore, the factors influencing the emergence of this inner conflict include family dynamics, the social environment, past experiences, the protagonist's personality, and her hopes and life goals. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the protagonist's inner conflict arises from the interaction between feelings of inferiority, the drive for superiority, and a lifestyle shaped by her life experiences. Alfred Adler’s theory of individual psychology proves relevant in explaining the personality dynamics and psychological development of the protagonist in Maria A. Sardjono’s novel Cahaya Mentari Pagi.