Developing Teaching Materials Using a Differentiated Approach to Improve Students' Listening Skills in Indonesian Language Learning for Grade IV at SDN Gekbrong 1

Abstract

This study was motivated by the low listening skills of fourth-grade students at SDN Gekbrong 1 and the limited availability of teaching materials that accommodate students’ diverse learning profiles in Indonesian language learning. Listening instruction was still dominated by conventional methods, resulting in limited student engagement during the learning process. This study aimed to describe the development process of differentiated teaching materials, determine their validity and practicality, and examine their effectiveness in improving students’ listening skills. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The participants were 34 fourth-grade students of SDN Gekbrong 1 in the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and listening tests consisting of pretests and posttests. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive techniques. The developed product consisted of differentiated teaching materials integrated with an audiovisual children’s story entitled Praca dan Satha and interactive digital learning materials designed according to students’ visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning profiles. The validation results from both material and media experts reached 92.5%, indicating a highly valid category. The teacher practicality questionnaire obtained 96.88%, categorized as highly practical, while students’ responses indicated that the teaching materials were easy to use, engaging, and helpful in understanding listening materials. The effectiveness of the product was reflected in the improvement of students’ average listening scores from 59.21 on the pretest to 96.44 on the posttest. Therefore, the differentiated teaching materials met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness and are appropriate for Indonesian language learning in elementary schools.