The Effect of Applying the Problem Based Learning Model to Improve the Ability to Analyze Intrinsic Elements of Short Stories

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of applying the Problem-Based Learning model on improving the ability to analyze the intrinsic elements of short stories. This study uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The study was conducted in the odd semester of 2025/2026 at SMPN 5 Campaka. The population of this study was ninth-grade students who participated in learning using problem-based learning. The research sample consisted of two classes: the experimental class, which received treatment using the Problem-Based Learning model, and the control class, which received conventional learning. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests on the ability to analyze the intrinsic elements of short stories. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and parametric inferential statistics, namely the t-test. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Problem-Based Learning model has a significant impact on improving students' abilities to analyze the intrinsic elements of short stories. Students who learned using the Problem-Based Learning model showed a higher increase in scores compared to students who learned conventionally. Thus, the Problem-Based Learning model is effectively used in literature learning to develop students' critical and analytical thinking skills.